广州城市绿地中鸟类对食源树种的偏好
Bird Preference to Food Source Trees in Urban Green Space, Guangzhou, China

中文摘要：关注城市绿地中食源树种的配置及应用，对于促进城市鸟类的保护和恢复有重要作用。2014年10月-2015年9月，分别采用样线法和样方法对广州7个城市绿地中的鸟类及食源植物进行了调查。结果如下：1）共记录植物77科154属205种（含变种），能直接或间接为鸟类提供食物的食源树种有133种，其果实多为蒴果、浆果和荚果。绿地中最常见、鸟类最喜欢取食的食源树种有18种，包括13种乔木，5种灌木。2）共记录鸟类92种，隶属于14目36科。优势种鸟类多为杂食性，且主要的取食树种具有较大差异。3）鸟类对食源树种具有明显的偏好。4）不同月份鸟类丰富度和多样性差异有高度统计学意义，鸟类丰富度最高为3月（52种），最低为9月（39种）；鸟类多样性最高为4月，最低为9月；多度最高为3月（1 599只），最低为7月（978只）。5）不同城市绿地中鸟类多样性指数差异较大，海珠湖公园的Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高，大学城湾咀头湿地公园的Margalef丰富度指数最高。同时提出了广州城市绿地植被配置的建议。
英文摘要：Understanding the distribution of food source trees (FST) in urban green space has great importance for urban bird conservation and recovery. To investigate the FST distribution and its attraction to urban birds, by using line-transect methods and quadrate methods, we conducted detailed surveys on bird species and FST in seven urban green spaces of Guangzhou from October 2014 to September 2015. The results showed that:1) a total of 205 plant species (including variants) belonging to 154 genera, 77 families were recorded, and among of which, 133 plant species might serve as FST for urban birds directly or indirectly. The most fruits of these FST were capsule, berry and pods. Moreover, 18 FST including 13 trees and 5 shrubs were the most common in urban green space and the most attractive to birds. 2) A total of 92 birds belonging to 36 families, 14 orders were recorded. The feeding habits of the dominant bird species were omnivorous, and significantly differed in the main FST. 3) Birds had obvious preference to FST, and their occurrence frequencies and numbers in different FST differed greatly. 4) Bird species richness and diversity index (Shannon-Wiener diversity index) differed significantly in different months. The maximum richness (52 species) occurred in March, and the minimum (39 species) occurred in September. The maximum diversity occurred in April, and the minimum occurred in September. The maximum abundance (1 599) occurred in March, and the minimum (978) occurred in July. 5) Bird diversity index also differed significantly in different urban green spaces. The Haizhu Lake Park had the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index, and the Wanzuitou Wetland Park of Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center had the highest Margalef index. It was suggested that more FST and more edible tree species, such as peach ( Prunus persica) and paperflower ( Bougainvillea glabra), should be planted to increase bird diversity in summer and winter. The habitat heterogeneity of the green spaces should be promoted, and the human disturbance should be decreased. 2016,35(6):