沈阳周边重要生态保护地春季迁徙鸟类多样性调查
Investigation on the Diversity of Migratory Birds of Shenyang in Spring

中文摘要：2014年3月21日-5月9日,采用样线法与定点观察法对沈阳市周边26个重要生态保护地春季迁徙期鸟类多样性进行了调查。共记录鸟类16目40科94种。其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类2种;国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类4种。居留型组成以夏候鸟和旅鸟为主,共占记录鸟类物种总数的77.7%。区系组成以古北界种为主,占74.5%。生态型中鸣禽最多,占36.2%。不同调查样地的鸟类组成与多样性指数存在较大差异,水库湿地鸟类数量最多;湿地公园物种丰富度最高;森林生态系统鸟类多样性较高;沙地生境鸟类多样性较低。调查发现部分生态保护地存在人为干扰程度较大、生态破坏严重、生境类型高度单一等生态问题。针对相应的生态保护地应进一步加强生态环境治理,为鸟类生存提供良好的栖息环境。
英文摘要：The composition and diversity of spring migratory birds at 26 important ecological conservation stations in Shenyang were surveyed using linetransects and point counts from March 21 to May 9, 2014. In total, 94 bird species (19 855 individuals) belonging to 40 families and 16 orders were recorded. Of the 94 species, two were classified as class Ⅰ national protected birds in China and four were class Ⅱ national protected birds. Summer residents and passing migrants were the dominant species, accounting for 77.7%. The recorded species were composed of Palaearctic, Oriental and cosmopolitan species, and Palaearctic were the dominant species, accounting for 74.5%. There was a wide variety of bird ecotypes in the survey areas, of which, 36.2% were songbirds. The bird community composition and diversity showed evident spatial variations. Birds were most abundant in the reservoir wetlands. The species richness was the highest in the wetland parks, and the bird composition included 26 water birds and 19 songbirds. The avian diversity was the highest in the forest ecological system, where the composition was dominated by songbirds, such as great tit ( Parus major), and grey-capped greenfinch ( Carduelis sinica). The diversity of birds was low in the sandy habitats, where only 17 species were recorded. In addition, we also found some significant ecological conservation issues in the areas with a high degree of human disturbance, severe ecological damages, and homogeneity of habitat types. We recommend that ecological conservation and management of damaged protected lands in Shenyang should be enhanced to provide more diverse and suitable habitats for birds. 2016,(35): 294-301 收稿日期：2015-11-04 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150250 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：国家青年科学基金项目(31301888); 辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(L2015196); 北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(K1401) 作者简介：王莹, 女, 硕士研究生, 研究方向:动物生态学 *通讯作者：李东来, E-mail:lidonglaibnu@163.com 参考文献： 董菲, 胡远东, 吴建平, 等. 2013. 大庆龙凤湿地春季鸟类多样性研究[J]. 野生动物, 34(4): 202-207. 董厚德. 2010. 沈阳地区重要生态保护地划分的研究[M]. 沈阳: 辽宁大学出版社. 刘明玉, 邱英杰, 李壮威. 1986. 辽宁鸟类考察报告[R]. 沈阳: 辽宁大学出版社. 马建章, 李守先, 吴纪伟. 2002. 中国野生动物保护[M]. 北京: 科学技术文献出版社: 468-524. 马秀梅, 王铁良, 邹建飞. 2008. 沈阳市湿地环境及影响因素分析[J]. 东北水利水电, 26(283): 56-58. 时良, 董荣, 于晓平. 2009. 陕西省黄河湿地冬季鸟类群落初步研究[J]. 动物学杂志,