应用红外相机技术监测长白山区公路对大中型兽类出现率的影响
Impacts of Highways on the Occurrence Rate of Middle-to-large Mammals in Changbai Mountain Based on Camera-trapping

中文摘要：为探索长白山区公路对路域近距离范围（500 m）大中型兽类出现率的影响，选择环长白山旅游公路和长白山北坡景区公路为研究区域，于2010-2011年和2013-2015年的5-10月，通过布设30台红外相机持续监测公路对大中型兽类出现率的影响范围与程度。结果显示：路域500 m范围内有8种大中型兽类活动，其中3种为国家级重点保护物种；大中型兽类出现率排序为：野猪 Sus scrofa 65.45%、西伯利亚狍 Capreolus pygargus 14.79%、松鼠 Sciurus vulgaris 8.49%、狗獾 Meles leucurus 4.10%、紫貂 Martes zibellina 3.37%、梅花鹿 Cervus nippon 2.93%、黄鼬 Mustela sibirica和熊（黑熊或棕熊）均为0.44%；公路对多数大中型兽类出现率影响不显著，只有松鼠回避路域300 m内的生境和梅花鹿集中于路侧50～150 m活动；野猪、紫貂的月出现率与交通量呈显著负相关关系；8种兽类昼夜活动特征与之前研究基本一致，紫貂、梅花鹿、西伯利亚狍和狗獾表现出夜行性特征，而野猪和松鼠是昼行性特征。
英文摘要：To assess the impact of highways on the occurrence rate of middle-to-large mammals in Changbai Mountain, the Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic Highway and Baishan Highway located adjacent to the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve were studied. From May to October of during 2010 to 2015 (except for 2012), mammal monitoring was carried out using 30 infrared cameras. The results showed that: (1) there were eight middle-to-large mammal species within 500 m region of the highway roadsides. Among the observed species, three were national key protected species; (2) The ranking of occurrence rates (OR) of the observed mammals were: wild boar ( Sus scrofa) (65.45%), Siberian roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus) (14.79%), Eurasian red squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris) (8.49%), Asian badger ( Meles leucurus) (4.10%), sable ( Martes zibellina) (3.37%), sika deer ( Cervus nippon) (2.93%), Siberian weasel ( Mustela sibirica) and bear (brown bear or Asian black bear) (0.44%); (3) The impact of highways on the OR of most middle-to-large mammals was not significant within 500 m region of the roadside, however, the Eurasian red squirrel located approximately 300 m away from the highway roadsides while sika deer congregated within 50 to 150 m of the highway roadsides; (4) The monthly occurrence rates of wild boar and sable were negatively correlated with monthly traffic volume; (5) The observed circadian activity rhythms of all mammals were consistent with the findings of previous research. Sable, sika deer, Siberian roe deer and Asian badger were most active at night, while wild boar and red squirrel were most active during the day. 2016,35(4): 593-600 收稿日期：2016-03-17 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20160056 分类号：Q959.8 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51508250）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目（20150605） 作者简介：王云(1980-),男,主要从事道路生态学研究 *通讯作者：王云,E-mail:wangyun80314@163.com 参考文献： 陈祥军. 2007. 野马野放的生态人类学与恢复生态学研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学. 龚明昊, 候盟, 蔺琛, 等. 2012. 基于野外痕迹点和GIS技术定量评估步道对大熊猫活动的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 20(4):420-426. 贾晓东, 刘雪华, 杨兴中, 等. 2014. 利用红外相机技术分析秦岭有蹄类动物活动节律的季节性差异[J]. 生物多样性, 22(6):737-745. 孔亚平, 王云, 张峰. 2011.