重庆江北机场鸟击特点分析及防范建议
Characteristics of Bird Strike and Prevention Measures at Jiangbei Airport, Chongqing

中文摘要：为了解鸟击规律,作者收集了重庆江北机场2009-2013年的鸟击事件信息并对鸟击残骸进行送检,共收集鸟击事件信息189起,其中白天77起,占40.74%,夜间112起,占59.26%。鸟击数据显示:春、夏、秋季是鸟击高发季节;8月和11月为白天鸟击高发月份;夜间鸟击高发在春季(4、5月)和秋季(8、9、10月);鸟击多发种类有小云雀、家鸽、家燕、金腰燕、白鹡鸰、池鹭、大杜鹃及蝙蝠等。结合江北机场鸟类群落调查数据分析发现:在飞行区集群活动的鸟种容易成为鸟击的高危物种,鸟击发生频率与鸟类生活习性关系密切;迁徙鸟类是江北机场鸟击的最大威胁。本文根据分析结果提出了一些相应的预防措施。
英文摘要：In order to investigate the characteristics of bird strikes at Jiangbei Airport, bird strike data were collected and the remains of bird were identified at Jiangbei Airport from 2009 to 2013. A total of 189 bird strike accidents were recorded. Among of which, 77 bird strike accidents (40.74%) happened in the daytime, and 112 (59.26%) happened in the nighttime. The bird strike records showed that bird strikes commonly happened in spring, summer and autumn. Most of the daytime bird strikes happened in August and November. Most of nighttime bird strikes happened in spring (April and May) and autumn (August, September and October). Bird species mostly involved in bird strikes were Alauda gulgula, Columba domestica, Hirundo rustica, H. daurica, Motacilla alba, Ardeola bacchus, Cuculus canorus and bats etc. Combined with the characteristics of bird community of Jiangbei Airport, it was found that birds with flocking habit were commonly involved in bird strikes and ranked high bird strike risk species. The birds involved in bird strike were closely related to the activities of birds in the airfield. Migrants ranked among the most hazardous birds at Jiangbei Airport. Based on these results, some mitigation measures which may help to reduce bird strike at Jiangbei Airport were proposed. 2016,(1): 154-160 收稿日期：2015-07-09 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150224 分类号：Q958 基金项目：四川省基础研究项目(2015JY0249); 四川省重点实验室项目(10ZX007) 作者简介：李晓娟, 女, 硕士, E-mail:51655562@qq.com *通讯作者：周材权, E-mail:drcqzhou@hotmail.com 参考文献： 次仁, 巴桑, 普布. 2009. 西藏拉萨地区小云雀 inopinata亚种的繁殖生态[J]. 西藏大学学报(自然科学版), 24(1): 10-14. 傅桐生, 高玮, 宋榆钧. 1987. 鸟类分类及生态学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社: 266-267. 蒋爱伍, 周放, 韦振海, 等. 2006. 广西大苗山"打鸟坳"趋光性鸟类调查[J]. 动物学杂志, 41(6): 127-131. 刘刚, 李媛, 马剑. 2012. 日落前后天然光环境下红喉歌鸲行为观测研究[J]. 照明工程学报, 23(2): 25-28. 马剑, 刘博, 刘刚, 等. 2010. 人工光照对迁徙类鸣禽行为影响个案实验研究[J]. 照明工程学报, 21(3): 8-12. 史密斯, 解焱. 2009. 中国兽类野外手册[M]. 长沙: 湖南教育出版社. 王紫江, 仇国新, 吴金亮, 等. 1991. 滇西鸟吊山夜间移动的鸟类的初步研究[M]// 高玮等. 中国鸟类研究. 北京: 科学出版社: 208. 王紫江, 廖峻涛, 张词祖. 2002. 云南鸟类[M]. 昆明: 云南人民出版社. 吴京亮, 李宗强. 1999. 云南"打雀点"的调查研究[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 21(2): 106-108. 吴雪, 杜杰, 李晓娟, 等. 2015. 重庆江北机场鸟类群落结构及鸟击防范[J]. 生态学杂志, 34(7): 1-10. 杨荣, 王紫江, 赵正军, 等. 2004. 云南巍山鸟道雄关2003年度鸟类环志研究简报[J]. 四川动物, 23(2): 120-122. 杨婷, 王紫江, 刘鲁明, 等. 2009. 云南新平哀牢山夜间捕获鸟类的多样性[J]. 动物学研究, 30(3): 303-310. 于洪伟, 张杰, 刘应竹.