长白山国家级自然保护区爬行动物道路致死特征的初步分析
Road Mortality Characteristic Analysis of Reptiles in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve

中文摘要：2007-2014年在长白山国家级自然保护区环区公路、头道公路及白山公路,各选取1条样线,采用直接观测法进行了爬行动物道路致死情况的调查。累计统计里程总长1568 km。研究表明,道路致死爬行动物5种共391条,平均道路致死率为2.5条/10 km;其中白条锦蛇 Elaphe dione个体数最多,占致死总数量的49.9%;环区公路道路致死率与白山公路(Mann-Whitney Test: Z=-3.333, P=0.001<0.05)、头道公路(Mann-Whitney Test: Z=-2.473, P=0.013<0.05)差异有统计学意义,路基宽度最小的头道公路道路致死率最高;岩栖蝮 Gloydius saxatilis不同月份道路致死率差异有统计学意义(Kruskal Wallis Test:  2=13.404, df=5, P=0.020<0.05),其他4种爬行动物不同月份道路致死率差异均无统计学意义;各月车流量与各月总道路致死率经Pearson相关分析结果显著不相关( R=0.423, P=0.407)。在此基础上,本研究提出了相应减小道路对爬行动物致死率的措施。
英文摘要：The road mortality characteristic of reptiles were studied on the Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic Road, Toudao Road and Baishan Road in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve from 2007 to 2014. Road mortality of reptiles were recorded by direct counting method and the total length of sampling road was 1568 km. The results showed that, a total of 391 road killed reptiles, belonging to 5 species were recorded, and the average mortality was 2.5/10 km. The most vulnerable reptile was Elaphe dione, accounting for 49.9% of the total mortality. The mortality of reptiles in Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic Road was significantly differed with Baishan Road (Mann-Whitney Test Z=-3.333, P=0.001) and Toudao Road (Mann-Whitney Test: Z=-2.473, P=0.013). The highest mortality was observed in Toudao Road with the smallest roadbed width. The mortality of Gloydius saxatilis in different months was significantly different (Kruskal Wallis Test: X 2=13.404, df=5, P=0.020). The monthly total mortality of reptiles was not significantly correlated with the monthly traffic volume by Pearson test ( R=0.423, P=0.407). Accordingly, some protective measures of reptiles were provided. 2016,(1): 123-128 收稿日期：2015-04-12 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150133 分类号：Q148 基金项目：吉林省科技厅应用基础项目(No.201205039); 吉林省科技厅自然科学基金项目(No.20140101019JC) 作者简介：王超(1964-), 高级工程师, 研究方向为野生动物保护, E-mail:158010799@qq.com *通讯作者：朴正吉, E-mail:piao_1777@sina.com;牛丽君, E-mail:cbskxynlj@163.com 参考文献： 陈霞, 王绍先, 王振国. 2010. 长白山保护开发区生物多样性保护与可持续发展[M]. 长春: 吉林科技出版社: 13-14. 戴强, 袁佐平, 张晋东, 等. 2006. 道路及道路施工对若尔盖高寒湿地小型兽类及鸟类生境利用的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 14(2): 121-127. 林柳, 朱文庆, 张龙田, 等. 2008.云南西双版纳尚勇保护区亚洲象新活动廊道的开辟和利用[J]. 兽类学报, 28(4): 325-332. 王云, 朴正吉, 关磊, 等. 2013a. 环长白山旅游公路运营期导致的野生动物致死的初步报道[M]// 中国环境科学学会. 中国环境科学学术年会论文集 第六卷. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社: 791-799. 王云, 朴正吉, 关磊, 等. 2013b. 环长白山旅游公路对野生动物的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 32(2): 425-435. 宗跃光, 周尚意, 彭萍, 等. 2003. 道路生态学研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 23(11): 2396-2405. Andrews A. 1990. Fragmentation of habitat by roads and utility corridors: a review[J]. Australian Zoologist, 26(3-4): 130-141. Andrews KM, Gibbons JW. 2006.