包头南海湿地保护区赤膀鸭组织中重金属含量分析
Analysis of Residue Heavy Metals in Mareca strepera Tissue in Nanhai Wetland Reserve, Baotou

中文摘要：2016年12月，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了内蒙古包头南海湿地保护区赤膀鸭 Mareca strepera组织（胸肌、心肌、肾脏、肝脏、胸骨），土壤及水中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、Hg、Fe、Mn的含量，采用单因素方差分析及独立样本 t检验比较不同年龄性别赤膀鸭组织间的重金属含量差异，并进行Pearson相关性检验。结果表明：（1）除雌性成鸟组织中的Hg外，其他7种重金属的含量在组织间的差异均有统计学意义，其中，Cr和Ni主要分布在肌肉组织（胸肌和心肌）中，Cd主要分布在肾脏中，Cu主要分布在肌肉和肝脏中，Zn主要分布在肝脏和胸骨中，Fe主要分布在肝脏中，Mn主要分布在胸骨中；分析显示，Zn与Fe、Mn、Cu显著正相关，Fe与Cu极显著正相关，Cr与Ni显著正相关，表明其来源相同。（2）雌雄成鸟组织间重金属分布规律基本一致，但与幼鸟有一定差异，Cu主要分布在成鸟的肝脏和幼鸟的胸肌中，Mn主要分布在成鸟的胸骨和幼鸟的肾脏中。（3）与国外研究报道相比，赤膀鸭组织中重金属的含量已超过其他地区鸭科Anatidae鸟类相应组织中的重金属含量，说明当地污染较重，应该引起重视。
英文摘要： Mareca strepera tissue samples (pectoral muscle, cardiac muscle, kidney, liver, and bone), soil, and water were collected from Nanhai Wetland Reserve in Baotou, Inner Mongolia in December, 2016. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was then used to measure the heavy metal residue content relating to 8 elements:Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Hg, Fe, and Mn. Differences in heavy metal content among the tissues from M. strepera with different ages and sexes were compared by using One-Way ANOVA and t-test, and the relationships between the elements and tissues were analyzed by using Pearson correlation test to reveal the distribution of the heavy metal residue. The results showed that:(1) the heavy metal content, except Hg in female adults, had a significant difference between different tissues. Cr and Ni mainly distributed in the muscles (pectoral muscle and cardiac muscle), and Cd in the kidneys, Cu in the muscle and liver, Zn in the liver and bones, Fe in the liver, and Mn in the bones. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between Zn and Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni, and extremely significant between Fe and Cu, suggesting that in each case they were derived from the same source. (2) The distribution of heavy metals between the male and female adults was basically the same, but showed differences in young birds. Mn was mainly detected in the bones of adults and the kidneys of young birds. (3) Comparing with the data in the other researches, the heavy metal in the M. strepera tissues collected here is higher, indicating a serious local pollution problem in Nanhai Wetland Reserve, Baotou. 2018,37(4): 445-455 收稿日期：2018-03-10 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20180077 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（31560598）；教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目（2014-1685）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2015MS0321）；内蒙古留学回区人员科研启动项目（2015-339） 作者简介：刘利(1978-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:鸟类生态学,E-mail:liuli4304842@126.com *通讯作者:刘晓光,E-mail:lxg63121@163.com 参考文献： 崔恒敏, 陈怀涛, 邓俊良, 等. 2005. 实验性雏鸭铜中毒症的病理学研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 36(7):715-721. 郭东龙, 周梅素, 黄淑萍. 1997.