基于线粒体16S rRNA探讨渤海海区矮拟帽贝的种群生态遗传
Population Ecological Genetics of Patelloida pygmaea Based on Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Fragment Sequences in the Bohai Sea

中文摘要：采用聚合酶链式反应和直接测序的方法研究了渤海海区15个矮拟帽贝 Patelloida pygmaea种群遗传多样性与环境因子的关系。180个个体的16S rRNA部分序列（615 bp）共发现264个多态性位点，153个转换，114个颠换，界定32个单倍型。所有个体碱基含量依次为C（18.12%）、T（27.74%）、A（33.07%）、G（21.07%）；单倍型多样性为0.835 1±0.019 1，核苷酸多样性为0.449±0.214。矮拟帽贝大陆沿岸种群核苷酸多样性（0.191 8±0.091 7）高于岛屿种群（0.107 3±0.081 6）。种群历史动态结果显示，矮拟帽贝经历了种群近期扩张。与环境因子相关性研究发现，遗传距离、序列变异、核苷酸多样性与日照时数、日照百分率分别呈显著正相关（ P<0.05）；形态相关分析结果表明，变异主成分（壳长、壳宽）与年均降水量呈显著负相关（ P<0.05）；年均降水量、日照时数、日照百分率是影响矮拟帽贝形态变异、遗传多样性的主导因子，环境越稳定地区种群的遗传多样性越高。
英文摘要：The relationship between genetic diversity and environmental factors of 15 Patelloida pygmaea populations in the Bohai Sea was studied by PCR and DNA sequencing. A total of 264 polymorphic loci were found in the 16S rRNA partial sequence of the 180 individuals, and 153 transitions as well as 114 transversions were defined by 32 haplotypes. The base contents of C, T, A and G were 18.12%, 27.74%, 33.07%, and 21.07%, respectively. The haplotype diversity was 0.835 1±0.019 1, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.449±0.214. Moreover, the nucleotide diversity of P. pygmaea population in the coast (0.191 8±0.091 7) was higher than that of island (0.107 3±0.081 6), and the results of population demographic history indicated that the populations of P. pygmaea may have experienced a recent demographic expansion. The correlation analysis between environmental factors and genetic factors showed that the genetic distance, sequence variation and nucleotide diversity of P. pygmaea were significantly positive correlated with sunshine duration and sunshine percentage ( P<0.05). The result of morphological correlation analysis showed that the main components (length and width) were significantly negative correlated with the annual average precipitation ( P<0.05). Average annual precipitation, sunshine duration and sunshine percentage were the dominant factors of P. pygmaea morphological variation, and the population genetic diversity will be higher in the the area with high environmental stablility. 2017,36(4): 386-391 收稿日期：2017-01-12 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170013 分类号：Q145;Q346 基金项目：国家自然科学基金地区基金项目（31460562）；烟台大学博士科研启动经费（SM15B01）；2016年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201611066009）；烟台大学研究生科技创新基金项目；烟台大学开放实验室项目 作者简介：史博洋,硕士研究生,主要从事海洋生物学研究,E-mail:sby_hope@163.com *通讯作者：曲江勇,E-mail:qjy@ytu.edu.cn;郭承华,E-mail:gch@ytu.edu.cn 参考文献： 曲江勇, 刘迺发. 2012. 环境因子对雉鸡甘肃亚种种群遗传多样性的影响[J]. 四川动物, 31(4):518-523. 曲若竹, 侯林, 吕红丽, 等. 2004. 群体遗传结构中的基因流[J]. 遗传, 26(3):377-382. Arbuckle JL. 2010. IBM SPSS Amos 19 user's guide[M]. Chicago:Amos Development Corporation. Bowen BW, Bass AL, Rocha LA, et al. 2001. Phylogeography of the