基于MaxEnt模型的四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区大熊猫化学通讯位点适宜性评价
Ailuropoda melanoleuca Olfactory Communication Locations Suitability Assessment in Xiaozhaizigou National Nature Reserve Based on MaxEnt Modeling

中文摘要：为揭示影响野生大熊猫 Ailuropoda melanoleuca化学通讯位点选择的生态因素，于2016年3月和10月在四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区，利用样线法对大熊猫化学通讯位点的适宜性进行了初步研究。调查共发现大熊猫化学通讯位点33个，基于这些位点和海拔、坡度、竹林分布等10个环境变量，使用最大熵（MaxEnt）模型对该区域大熊猫化学通讯位点适宜性进行综合评价。结果表明：竹林分布（56.90%）和距山脊距离（29.90%）2个环境变量的累积贡献率达86.80%，是影响该区域大熊猫化学通讯位点的主要生态因子。依据MaxEnt模型最大约登指数，将结果分为适宜和不适宜2种类型，其中，适宜面积为15 187.50 hm 2，占研究区域面积的34.22%，主要位于保护区中部、保护区南北部分别与宝顶沟和白河自然保护区交界区域；不适宜面积为29 197.20 hm 2，占65.78%。在人力、物力有限的情况下，本研究为保护区合理安排保护行动的时段和区域、提升大熊猫的保护成效提供了数据支撑，对进一步推动野生大熊猫保护实践具有一定意义。
英文摘要：Habitat prediction is the basis for the protection of wild animal. In this study, Maximum Entropy Modeling was applied to the wild giant panda's olfactory communication locations habitat suitability evaluation in Xiaozhaizigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan. A total of 33 sites were investigated in March and October, 2016. A predictive habitat distribution map of giant pandas olfactory communication sites was estimated using these recorded points and proper environment variables of giant panda's living condition, such as topographic data and human disturbance data. The cumulative contribution rates of bamboo distribution (56.90%) and ridge distance (29.90%) are 86.80%, which are the major ecological factors that affect the chemical communication of giant panda in this region. Olfactory communication locations are primarily located along the bamboo forest and ridges. The habitat is divided into 2 classes including the suitable and unsuitable habitat using a threshold of 0.061 5. The suitable habitat area is 15 187.50 hm 2, which accounted for 34.22% of the studied area and mainly distributed in the middle, north and south border adjacent to other nature reserves. The unsuitable habitat area is29 197.20 hm 2, which accounted for 65.78% of the studied area. In the case of limited manpower and material resources, this study provides a basis for the reasonable allocation of protective actions for the conservation area to strength the protection of giant panda. 2018,37(3): 275-279 收稿日期：2017-10-26 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170332 分类号：Q143;Q959.8 基金项目：“大熊猫嗅味树分布、发情场、产仔洞调查和土壤动物群落研究”四川同君政采磋（2016）1号 作者简介：黎运喜(1984-),男,硕士,主要从事动物生态学研究 *通讯作者：黎运喜,E-mail:454616101@qq.com 参考文献： 傅达莉, 王昊. 1997. 秦岭大熊猫的嗅味标记与发情场植被调查[J]. 生物学通报, (4):19-20. 胡锦矗. 2001. 大熊猫研究[M]. 上海:上海科技教育出版社:140-147. 胡进耀. 2015. 四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区综合科学考察报告[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社:24-31. 刘定震, 魏荣平, 张贵权, 等. 2008. 雄性大熊猫( Ailuropoda melanoleuca)尿液中包含亲缘关系的信息[J]. 科学通报, 53(9):1057-1064. 罗翀, 徐卫华, 周志翔, 等. 2011. 基于生态位模型的秦岭山系林麝生境预测[J]. 生态学报, 31(5):1211-1229. 聂勇刚. 2012. 秦岭野生大熊猫繁殖生态学研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院研究生院:38-40. 四川省林业厅. 2015.