基于红外相机技术监测秦岭山地引水工程对大中型兽类种群影响的初报
Preliminary Report on Impacted Mammals with Camera Traps in Water Diversion Project Construction Area, Mt. Qinling

中文摘要：2015年1月—2016年12月，采用红外相机技术在陕西省引汉济渭工程作业区设置4个监测点，对保护兽类种群变化进行了监测研究。监测共发现大中型陆栖兽类3目9科9种，其中，川金丝猴 Rhinopithecus roxellana、秦岭羚牛 Budorcas bedfordi和林麝 Moschus berezovskii为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物，野猪 Sus scrofa和黄鼬 Mustela sibirica在监测中的遇见频次最多。随着工程的推进，与2015年相比，2016年监测发现的物种数量和遇见频次均呈减少的趋势。这说明该工程带来的人为干扰、噪音、景观的改变对区内栖息的野生动物具有不利的影响，已经出现动物活动减少、发生迁移的现象，这有可能会进一步影响秦岭动物群落结构和种群空间分布。建议加强动物种群变化监测，减少人为干扰，严格控制动物栖息地破坏程度，做好景观和植被恢复工程。
英文摘要：By using infrared cameras located at 4 monitoring sites, mammals with larger and medium body sizes were monitored and studied in a special area of Mt. Qinling, Shaanxi province, where a Han-Wei water diversion project was under construction. Data collection of the observed records was commenced from January 2015 to December 2016. The results indicated that 9 species belonging in 9 families of 3 orders were recorded and accounted. Golden snub-nosed monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana), golden takin ( Budorcas bedfordi) and forest musk deer ( Moschus berezovskii), which were endangered animals listed as class Ⅰ key nationally protected wild animals in China, were also included. Other animals frequently recorded were wild boars ( Sus scrofa) and Siberian weasel ( Mustela sibirica). In comparison to 2015, there was a remarkable decrease of animal appearing frequency in 2016. This suggested that the water project had already generated some negative impacts on the activities and normal behaviours of local animals due to the man-made disturbances including noises and landscape change. The most severe is, however, from the creation of the barriers for animal migration and normal movements. Therefore, the results reported in this study arouse a deep concern that further impacts on the wildlife could be more prominent following a further development and extension of the project. It is urgent to extensively monitor the wild animals in the region and to set up a direct relationship connecting the government, conservation organization, scientists and water project administration to form a tangible strategy and management. 2018,37(4): 467-473 收稿日期：2018-03-13 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20180085 分类号：Q959.8;X835 基金项目：陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目（2013KTZB03-01-03）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0503200）；西安市第一次野生动物资源调查项目（XCZX2015-0297-3） 作者简介：何刚(1979-),男,博士,主要从事保护生物学和野生动物生态监测,E-mail:hegang@nwu.edu.cn *通讯作者:李保国,E-mail:baoguoli@nwu.edu.cn 参考文献： 陈利顶, 吕一河, 田惠颖, 等. 2007. 重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建基本原则和方法[J]. 应用生态学报, 18(3):674-680. 韩书权, 郭东龙, 张峰. 2001. 山西万家寨引黄工程对野生动物的影响及保护对策[J]. 山西大学学报(自然科学版), 24(3):275-278. 李晟, 王大军, 卜红亮, 等. 2016. 四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查[J]. 兽类学报, 36(3):282-291. 李先敏, 汤列香, 余玲江. 2006.