四川大学望江校区5种常见留鸟的食性及其季节差异
A Study on Seasonal Variation Diet of Five Most Common Resident Bird Species in Wangjiang Campus of Sichuan University, Chengdu

中文摘要：为揭示四川大学望江校区常见鸟类食性的季节性动态，2014年8月-2015年8月观察记录了常见鸟类的组成、食物种类及取食频率，统计分析了其食物的种类组成。采用Levins指数和相似性百分率指数计算了5种常见留鸟的食性宽度和生态位重叠。结果表明：1）出现频率最高的5种鸟类均为留鸟，分别是白颊噪鹛 Garrulax sannio、白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis、麻雀 Passer montanus、乌鸫 Turdus merula和珠颈斑鸠 Streptopelia chinensis；2）5种鸟类对植物性食物种子的取食频率最大，为55.33%；3）白颊噪鹛的食性受季节影响最小，白颊噪鹛与乌鸫在夏季的食性最专一，白头鹎、麻雀与珠颈斑鸠在春季的食性最专一；4）5种鸟类的生态位重叠较高，生态位重叠值最高的为乌鸫和麻雀（79.9%）。
英文摘要：In order to reveal seasonal variation in the diets of common birds in Wangjiang campus of Sichuan University, the species, food, and percentage of birds feeding frequency of common resident birds were observed in this study. The niche width and the niche overlap of the common resident bird species were calculated by using Levins index and percentage of similarity rate, respectively. The results showed that, 1) the most common 5 resident bird species were Garrulax sannio, Pycnonotus sinensis, Passer montanus, Turdus merula, and Streptopelia chinensis. 2) Plant food could be divided to fruit, seed and others. And in all types of plant food, seed was the most preferred food of birds. The percentage of plant food eaten by birds was 55.33%. 3) Among the 5 common resident birds, G. sannio had the lowest Levins index variations; G. sannio and T. merula had the lowest Levins index in summer, while P. sinensis, P. montanus and S. chinensis had the lowest Levins index in spring. 4) The niche overlap among the 5 common resident birds was high, and the largest overlap was between P. montanus and T. merula (79.9%). 2017,36(5): 576-581 收稿日期：2016-08-12 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20160218 分类号：Q959.7;Q958.1 基金项目：人工林结构调控与稳定性维持机制及其生产力效应项目（2016YFD0600203）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（31200477） 作者简介：赵伊伦,硕士研究生,E-mail:676981732@qq.com;陈梦羽,理学学士,E-mail:398405732@qq.com *通讯作者：缪宁,E-mail:miaoning@scu.edu.cn 参考文献： 白洁. 2011. 四川大学校园植物现状调查与分析[J]. 四川林业科技, 32(2):60-69. 陈水华, 丁平, 郑光美, 等. 2000. 城市化对杭州市湿地水鸟群落的影响研究[J]. 动物学研究, 21(4):279-285. 李鹏. 2009. 杭州市鸟类区系与城市化对鸟类群落的影响[D]. 杭州:浙江大学. 刘彬, 周立志, 汪文革, 等. 2009. 大别山山地次生林鸟类群落集团结构的季节变化[J]. 动物学研究, 30(3):277-287. 寿艺丹. 2015. 上海城乡梯度上公园绿地鸟类物种多样性格局[D]. 上海:华东师范大学. 隋金玲, 张志翔, 胡德夫, 等. 2006. 北京市区绿化带内鸟类食源树种研究[J]. 林业科学, 42(12):83-89. 谭丽凤, 杨昌尚. 2011. 柳州城市公园冬季鸟类食源树种调查研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 38(34):19428-19430. 王维禹, 郭延蜀. 2005. 白头鹎春季食性及取食空间生态位的初步研究[J]. 四川动物, 24(4):466-468. 王彦平. 2003. 鸟类对城市化的适应性研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学. 徐玉梅. 2009. 乌鸫繁殖习性及食性的初步研究[J]. 生物学通报, 44(3):31-33. 张琴. 2014. 白头鹎生活史特征对城市化的响应[D]. 杭州:浙江师范大学. 赵伟, 宋森, 邵明勤, 等. 2007. 甘肃民勤治沙站纵纹腹小鸮食性的季节变化[J]. 动物学报, 53(6):953-958. Aronson MF, LaSorte FA, Nilon CH, et al. 2014. A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key