天蚕素和溶菌酶对中华鳖腐皮病预防效果的研究
Study on Preventive Effect of Cecropin and Lysozyme on Skin Fester Disease of Trionyx sinensis

中文摘要：为探讨天蚕素和溶菌酶对中华鳖 Trionyx sinensis腐皮病的防治效果。本实验采用肌肉注射天蚕素（10 mg·kg -1）、溶菌酶（10 mg·kg -1）及天蚕素（6 mg·kg -1）和溶菌酶（5 mg·kg -1）混合物，观察其对鳗气单胞菌 Aeromonas encheleia引起的中华鳖腐皮病的预防效果。以死亡率和相对保护率评价不同药物的保护效果；通过检测血清凝集效价、细胞吞噬功能和血清杀菌活力，比较不同药物对中华鳖免疫力和抗病能力的影响；比较庆大霉素和溶菌酶血药残留浓度，评估药物毒副作用。结果表明：天蚕素和溶菌酶二联法对中华鳖保护效果最好、免疫效果最佳，与其他组相比差异均有高度统计学意义（ P<0.01）；血药残留分析表明，溶菌酶在用药后第6天全部代谢完毕，庆大霉素停药第12天仍有残留。天蚕素和溶菌酶二联法预防中华鳖腐皮病效果显著优于抗生素，无药物残留和耐药副作用，并提高免疫力，避免了应用抗生素所带来的危害，值得推广应用。
英文摘要：In order to study the preventive effect of peptides and biological antibiotics on the skin fester disease of Trionyx sinensis caused by Aeromonas encheleia, 3 different groups of cecropin (10 mg·kg -1), lysozyme (10 mg·kg -1) and mixed drugs (6 mg·kg -1 cecropin and 5 mg·kg -1 lysozyme, respectively) were used for intramuscular injection. The mortality rate and relative percent survival were then calculated to evaluate the protective effects of different drugs. Agglutination titer of serum, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of serum were measured to compare the effects of different drugs on immunity and disease resistance of T. sinensis. The residual concentrations of gentamicin and lysozyme were compared to evaluate drug toxic and side effects. The results showed that mixed drugs could extremely significant ( P<0.01) protect T. sinensis and increase their immunity. Analysis of drug residue showed that lysozyme was completely metabolized after 6 days, and in contrast, gentamicin still had residue until day 12 after withdrawal. Therefore, the preventive effect of mixed drugs is significantly better than antibiotics in skin fester disease of T. sinensis. In addition, mixed drugs of lysozyme and cecropin are worthy of spreading to application in virtue of no drug residue and other side effects, especially avoiding the damage caused by abuse of antibiotics. 2017,36(3): 311-316 收稿日期：2016-12-24 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20160368 分类号：Q959.6;S858.9 基金项目：北京市农业科技试验示范项目（20110821） 作者简介：陈春山(1962-),男,高级工程师,研究方向:水生野生动物保护技术,E-mail:chenchunshan8888@126.com 参考文献： 陈琛, 吴三桥, 薄新文, 等. 2014. 天蚕素抗菌肽的性质、功能及应用研究进展[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 42(7):197-204, 216. 陈雯, 叶书培, 李秋燕, 等. 2012. 两栖类动物抗菌肽对病原微生物作用研究进展[J]. 广东农业科学, (16):175-178. 崔青曼, 袁春营, 张跃红. 1998. 中华鳖腐皮病病原菌及防治药物研究[J]. 水利渔业, (5):13-14. 单红, 周国勤, 朱银安, 等. 2012. 鱼类抗菌肽的研究进展[J]. 水产养殖, 33(1):20-25. 丁明德. 2015. 中华鳖常见病防治[J]. 湖南农业, (9):20-21. 侯振平, 印遇龙, 王文杰, 等. 2011. 乳铁蛋白素B和天蚕素P1对投喂大肠杆菌断奶仔猪生长及肠道微生物区系的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 23(9):1536-1544. 姜兰, 白俊杰, 邓国成, 等. 2002. 重组抗菌肽的制备及其对水产养殖中常见病原菌的抑菌效果[J]. 中国水产科学, 9(2):152-156. 李冠楠, 夏雪娟, 隆耀航, 等. 2014. 抗菌肽的研究进展及其应用[J]. 动物营养学报, 26(1):17-25. 李思明. 2006.