野外采集和人工饲养胭脂鱼耳石微结构特征分析
Otolith Microstructure Character Analysis between Wild-caught and Hatchery-breeding Myxocyprinus asiaticus

中文摘要：分别检测了人工饲养和野外采集胭脂鱼 Myxocyprinus asiaticus耳石微结构特征。根据透明性的差异，可将耳石划分出暗区和亮区两部分，63.16%人工饲养胭脂鱼的耳石具有明显的亮暗区界限，暗区大小为0.17 mm±0.03 mm；14.81%野外采集胭脂鱼的耳石亮暗区界限清晰，大部分亮暗区界限模糊或没有亮暗区差异，暗区大小为0.14 mm±0.06 mm。人工饲养和野外采集胭脂鱼耳石中心核直径分别为13.10 μm±1.87 μm和11.14 μm±1.74 μm，原基个数分别为1个和1~2个。人工饲养胭脂鱼耳石标记轮1~3条，生长轮宽度为2.14 μm±0.59 μm，宽度均匀，波动幅度小；野外采集个体耳石标记轮1~7条，生长轮宽度为2.54 μm±1.12 μm，波动幅度相对较大。生长轮宽度聚类分析表明，在欧氏距离为2.5处可将94.59%的人工饲养胭脂鱼耳石聚在一起，聚类结果与微结构特征检测结果基本吻合。人工饲养与野外采集胭脂鱼耳石的亮暗区、生长轮宽度、标记轮等微结构特征差异明显，可用于两者的识别。
英文摘要：The otolith microstructure of hatchery-breeding and wild-caught Myxocyprinus asiaticus were examined and analyzed. The otoliths of M. asiaticus could be divided into optically dense and low optically dense zones based on the difference of transparence. The otoliths, which had distinct boundary between the optically dense and low optically dense zones, accounted for 63.16% in hatchery-breeding population and 14.81% in wild-caught. The size of optically dense zones in otolith of wild and captive M. asiaticus was 0.14 mm±0.06 mm and 0.17 mm±0.03 mm, respectively. Otolith nucleus diameter of hatchery-breeding and wild-caught was 13.10 μm±1.87 μm and 11.14 μm±1.74 μm, respectively, and the primordium was 1 and 1-2, respectively. The number of checks was 1-3, and the width of daily increment was 2.14 μm±0.59 μm in the otolith of hatchery-breeding M. asiaticus. However, otoliths of wild-caught M. asiaticus shaped 1-7 checks and the width of daily increment was 2.54 μm±1.12 μm. Otoliths of hatchery-breeding M. asiaticus had more regular and smaller fluctuant width of daily increment compared with that of wild-caught individuals. The result of clustering analysis based on daily increment suggested that, 94.59% of otoliths from hatchery-breeding M. asiaticus were clustered together at the Euclidean distance of 2.5, and this was consistent with the result of microstructure examination. In conclusion, the otolith microstructure of hatchery-breeding and wild-caught M. asiaticus were remarkably differed such as the optically dense and low optically dense zones, the width of the daily increment and the number of the checks, and these differences could be used to determine the source of M. asiaticus. 2017,36(3): 285-292 收稿日期：2017-01-16 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170018 分类号：Q959.4 基金项目：中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目（0799531） 作者简介：雷毅(1989-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:动物分子生物学,E-mail:leiyi_scu@126.com *通讯作者：宋昭彬,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:zbsong@scu.edu.cn 参考文献： 陈春娜. 2008. 我国胭脂鱼的研究进展[J]. 水产科技情报, 5(4):160-164. 丁瑞华. 1994. 四川鱼类志[M]. 成都:四川科学技术出版社. 付自东. 2006. 胭脂鱼仔、稚鱼耳石微结构及标记研究[D]. 成都:四川大学. 管兴华, 曹文宣. 2007. 利用耳石日轮技术研究长江中游草鱼幼鱼的孵化期及生长[J].