贵南沙蜥染色体核型与聚类分析
Chromosomal Karyotype Characteristics and Systematic Cluster Analysis of Phrynocephalus guinanensis

中文摘要：贵南沙蜥 Phrynocephalus guinanensis为近年沙蜥属新命名的物种,形态上区别于贵德沙蜥 P. putjatia与青海沙蜥 P. vlangalii,而最近沙蜥分子系统发育研究的结果不支持贵南沙蜥为一有效种,它在分子树拓扑结构上与贵德沙蜥一亚分支样本聚在一起。本文观察贵南沙蜥核型为2n=24I+24m,具有12对大染色体和12对小染色体,其中大染色体均为端部类型,且无性别相关的异型染色体。青海11个沙蜥种群染色体特征的聚类分析表明贵南沙蜥与贵德沙蜥聚于同一分支,该分支构成青海沙蜥分支的姐妹支,证实贵南沙蜥与贵德沙蜥具有较近的核型演化关系。研究结果不支持贵南沙蜥为有效物种。
英文摘要： Phrynocephalus guinanensis was a newly named species and phenotypically different from P. putjatia and P. vlangalii. Recent molecular systematic analysis on Phrynocephalus suggested that P. guinanensis was an invalid species and its population was clustered into a subclade of P. putjatia on the tree topology. As a basic method of cellular genetics research, chromosomal karyotype analysis has been an alternative effective way for studying the modern comprehensive classification. In this study, the medullary cell of P. guinanensis was used to prepare chromosome for karyotype analysis and the chromosomal karyotype characteristics were used to investigate the cluster relationship among P. guinanensis and other Phrynocephalus species. The results showed that chromosomal karyotype of P. guinanensis could be expressed as 2n=24I+24m, which had twelve pairs of macrochromosomes belonging to end type and twelve pairs of microchromosomes. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were observed. Based on the result of cluster analysis of eleven Phrynocephalus populations distributed in Qinghai province, P. guinanensis and all P. putjatia specimens were clustered as a sister clade, and this also indicated that P. guinanensis was an invalid species with the most closely evolutionary relationship with P. putjatia. 2016,(35): 391-394,399 收稿日期：2015-12-31 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150417 分类号：Q959.6 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31372183) 作者简介：李嘉晟(1997-),男,本科生,主要从事分子进化与系统学研究 *通讯作者：金园庭,E-mail:jinyuanting@126.com 参考文献： 邱清波, 杜宇, 林炽贤. 2007. 沙蜥属13种蜥蜴基于16S rRNA序列的系统发生关系[J]. 海南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 20(4):350-354. 王跃招, 曾晓茂, 方自力, 等. 2002. 沙蜥属一有效种贵德沙蜥及红原沙蜥的分类研究[J]. 动物分类学报, 27(2):372-383. 吴甘霖. 2006. 核型分析在细胞分类学中的应用[J]. 生物学杂志, 23(1):39-41. 曾晓茂, 王跃招, 刘志君, 等. 1997. 九种沙蜥的核型——论中国沙蜥属核型演化[J]. 动物学报, 43(4):399-410. 赵尔宓, 江跃明, 黄庆云, 等. 1998. 拉汉英两栖爬行动物名称[M]. 北京:科学出版社. 赵肯堂. 1999. 沙蜥属[M]//赵尔宓, 赵肯堂, 周开亚, 等.中国动物志 有鳞目 蜥蜴亚目. 北京:科学出版社:151-193. Gorman GC. 1973. The chromosomes of the Reptilia, a cytotaxonomic interpretation[M]//Chiarelli AB, Capanna E. Cytotaxonomy and vertebrate evolution. New York:Academic Press:349-424. Guo X, Wang Y. 2007. Partitioned Bayesian analyses, dispersal-vicariance analysis, and the biogeography of Chinese toad-headed lizards (Agamidae: Phrynocephalus):a re-evaluation[J]. Molecular