青藏高原两种雪雀惊飞距离的比较研究
Research on the Flight Initiation Distance of Two Snowfinch Species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

中文摘要：在分析鸟类对人类干扰耐受程度的研究中,惊飞距离是常用的衡量指标之一,它是指人在鸟类惊飞之前能接近鸟类的距离,反映了鸟类对人为侵扰的适应程度。本文通过对青藏高原广泛分布的白腰雪雀 Montifringilla taczanowskii和棕颈雪雀 M. ruficollis惊飞距离的比较研究,旨在探讨2种鸟类对人类干扰适应性的差异。结果显示,体型较大的白腰雪雀的惊飞距离(12.50 m±0.36 m, n=46)显著大于棕颈雪雀的惊飞距离(11.03 m±0.43 m, n=33);觅食个体的惊飞距离显著小于观望个体( P<0.001);随着入侵者起始距离的增加,2种雪雀惊飞距离逐渐增大( P<0.001)。结果表明,鸟类初始状态和入侵者起始距离能够显著影响鸟类的惊飞距离,体型较大的鸟类对人类干扰的适应性较差。
英文摘要：Flight initiation distance (FID) is an excellent metric to quantify the tolerance degree of bird against human intrusion. It refers to the distance of a bird begins to flee from an approaching threat, and reflects the adaptation ability to human intrusion. The present work investigated the FID of the white-rumped snowfinch ( Montifringilla taczanowskii) and rufous-necked snowfinch ( M. ruficollis) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and discussed the adaption of these two species to the human disturbance. The results indicated that the FID of M. taczanowskii (12.50 m±0.36 m, n=46), which was the largest species among its genus, was significantly larger than that of M. ruficollis (11.03 m±0.43 m, n=33). Foraging snowfinch tolerated a closer distance than watching individuals, and there was a significant positive relation between the starting distance of intruder and the FID of both species. In conclusion, the initial activity of animals and the starting distance of intruder can influence the FIDs, and the birds with larger body size had relatively lower adaption ability against human intrusions. 2016,(35): 368-371 收稿日期：2015-11-24 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150372 分类号：Q959.7;Q958.1 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31270467);中国科学院青年创新促进会基金项目(2014386) 作者简介：张贺(1989-),男,博士研究生,研究方向:动物生态学,E-mail:zhanghe072@163.com *通讯作者：张堰铭,E-mail:ymzhangnwipb@126.com 参考文献： 屈延华, 雷富民, 尹祚华. 2002. 雪雀属鸟类栖息地在中国的分布[J]. 动物学报, 48(4):471-479. 曲家鹏, 杨敏, 李文靖,等. 2008. 高原鼠兔家群结构的季节变异[J]. 兽类学报, 28(2):144-150. 王彦平, 陈水华, 丁平. 2004. 惊飞距离——杭州常见鸟类对人为侵扰的适应性[J]. 动物学研究, 25(3):214-220. 王长庭, 王启基, 龙瑞军, 等. 2004. 高寒草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力沿海拔梯度变化的研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 28(2):240-245. Blumstein DT, Runyan A, Seymour M, et al. 2004. Locomotor ability and wariness in yellow-bellied marmots[J]. Ethology, 110(6):615-634. Blumstein DT. 1998. Quantifying predation risk for refuging animals:a case study with golden marmots[J]. Ethology, 104(6):501-516. Blumstein DT. 2010. Flush early and avoid the rush:a general rule of antipredator behavior?[J]. Behavioral Ecology, 21(3):440-442. Brick O. 1998. Fighting behaviour, vigilance and predation risk in the cichlid fish ( Nannacara anomala)[J]. Animal Behaviour, 56(2):309-317. Chamaillé-Jammes S, Blumstein DT. 2012. A case for