滇金丝猴肠道寄生线虫的生防捕食线虫真菌筛选
Screening of Nematode-trapping Fungi for Biocontrol Intestinal Parasitic Nematode of Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey

中文摘要：据报道,灵长类动物体内寄生线虫感染情况严重。我国特有珍稀灵长类动物--滇金丝猴 Rhinopithecus bieti肠道也受到寄生线虫感染,其健康极受影响。滇金丝猴数量稀少,极需保护。捕食线虫真菌是线虫的天敌,具较高的生防动物寄生线虫的潜力。为提供应用捕食线虫真菌生防滇金丝猴肠道寄生线虫的科学依据,本研究从滇金丝猴粪便分离捕食线虫真菌,量化测定及比较不同捕食器官类型和来自不同生境的捕食线虫真菌的捕食率,从中筛选有较高捕食率的菌株。结果显示,从滇金丝猴粪便及其他不同生境共筛选到3株捕食率较高的捕食线虫真菌菌株: Dactylellina gephyropaga (331-1), Dac. drechsleri (84-1), Drechslerella dactyloides (342-2),其捕食率分别为:81.10%,76.17%,81.33%,其中331-1分离自滇金丝猴粪便,该菌株具有高效生防滇金丝猴肠道寄生线虫的潜力;来自不同生境或同一生境同种不同株的捕食线虫真菌的捕食率差异较大;产黏性菌网的捕食线虫真菌其捕食率普遍低于产收缩环、黏性分枝和黏性球的捕食线虫真菌;捕食线虫真菌的捕食率与捕食器官生成速度呈负相关关系。
英文摘要：The parasitic nematodes infection in primates was serious. The endemic rare primate species, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey ( Rhinopithecus bieti), has also been subjected to parasitic nematodes infection in the intestinal and badly affected its health. As a natural enemy against nematodes, nematode-trapping fungi were important biological resources for parasitic nematode biocontrol. To figure out the scientific basis for the application of nematode-trapping fungi in biocontrol of parasitic nematodes, this study screened the nematode-trapping fungi strains with high predation capacity from the feces of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, and the trapping efficacy was quantitatively compared with the strains obtained from different habitats by a homemade tool. The results showed that three nematode-trapping fungi strains isolated from the feces of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey and the habitats, had the higher predation capacity. The three strains were identified as Dactylellina gephyropaga (331-1), Dac. drechsleri (84-1), Drechslerella dactyloides (342-2), and their trapping efficacies were 81.10%, 76.17%, and 81.33%, respectively. Among of which, the strain 331-1, isolated from the feces of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, might be the most promising candidate for the biocontrol of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey intestinal parasitic nematodes. The trapping efficacies of nematode-trapping fungi strains from different habitats or the strains from the same habitat were quite different. Generally, nematode-trapping fungi that produced adhesive networks had lower trapping efficacy than those produced contracting rings, adhesive branches and adhesive knobs, in addition, the trapping efficacies were negatively correlated with formation rate of the trapping devices. 2016,(1): 31-37 收稿日期：2015-06-03 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150200 分类号：S855.9;Q959.8 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(31100093, 31360013, 31260149); 云南省高校滇西北生物多样性科技创新团队基金项目(云教函[2011]93号) 作者简介：林慧彪(1993-), 男, 动物科学专业在读本科生, 研究方向: 捕食线虫真菌及其生防应用 *通讯作者：杨晓燕, E-mail:yangxy.dlu@gmail.com 参考文献： 白寿昌, 邹淑荃, 林苏, 等. 1988. 滇金丝猴(