美洲大蠊microRNA的初步研究
Preliminary Research of microRNA in Periplaneta americana

中文摘要：美洲大蠊 Periplaneta americana是一种世界性的卫生害虫，但其提取物有较高的药用价值。本研究对饲养的雌雄美洲大蠊成虫进行microRNA测序，分别在雄性和雌性中得到12 155 616条和9 847 263条序列。序列长度主要为18~23 nt，且在22 nt和29 nt处有2个峰值。将所得序列与数据库（NCBI、Rfam）进行比对注释，最终在雄性成虫中鉴定到57种已知的microRNA和152种潜在的新microRNA，在雌性成虫中鉴定到53种已知的microRNA和94种潜在的新microRNA。差异表达分析发现只有一种microRNA：miR-750在雌雄之间差异表达，其在雌虫中表达量显著高于雄虫。本研究首次在基因组水平研究了美洲大蠊microRNA的组成并对其功能进行了预测，为其后续研究奠定了基础。
英文摘要：American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana) is known as one of the public health pests worldwide. Meanwhile, its extracts are valuable for medical use. In this study, sequencing of microRNAs of the reared cockroaches was carried out. A total of 12 155 616 and 9 847 263 sequences were obtained from the male and female individuals, respectively. The length of sequences mainly ranged from 18 nt to 23 nt with a bimodal distribution at 22 nt and 29 nt. Annotation of these clean reads were performed according to databases of Rfam and NCBI by Blastn. Finally, 57 known microRNAs and 152 novel microRNAs were identified from the male group, while 53 known microRNAs and 94 novel microRNAs were identified from the female group. Differential expression analysis indicated that only one microRNA (miR-750) was significantly up-regulated in female P. americana compared to that of the male. This is the first study concerning on the composition and function of microRNAs in P. americana at genomic level, and thus lay a foundation for further study on P. americana. 2019,38(1): 47-55 收稿日期：2018-05-10 分类号：Q78;Q915.819+.7 基金项目：好医生助研项目 作者简介：宝钲(1992—),男,硕士,从事生物信息学研究 *通信作者：范振鑫,E-mail:zxfan@scu.edu.cn 参考文献： 陈梦林. 2002. 蟑螂养殖技术[J]. 农村新技术, 10: 21-23. 晋家正, 李午佼, 牟必琴, 等. 2018. 药用美洲大蠊全基因组测序分析[J]. 四川动物, 37(2): 121-126. 王鹏飞, 许润春, 李江维, 等. 2015. 美洲大蠊油脂急性毒性及其拮抗美洲大蠊提取液肝脏保护作用的初步研究[J]. 现代中药研究与实践, 29(6): 34-36. 吴道勋, 邵维莉, 杨贤英, 等. 2016. 美洲大蠊抗肿瘤与免疫调节研究进展[J]. 亚太传统医药, 12(23): 48-51. 肖小芹, 汪世平, 徐绍锐, 等. 2007. 美洲大蠊提取物抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2(2): 140-143. 张丹, 孙玉红, 李茂, 等. 2015. 美洲大蠊多肽提取物对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国新药杂志, 24(6): 681-686. Bartel DP, Chen CZ. 2004. Micromanagers of gene expression: the potentially widespread influence of metazoan microRNAs[J]. Nature Reviews Genetics, 5(5): 396-400. Bartel DP. 2004. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function[J]. Cell, 116(2): 281-297. Belles X, Cristino AS, Tanaka ED, et al. 2012. Insect microRNAs: from molecular mechanisms to biological roles[M]. Gilbert LI. Insect molecular biology and biochemistry. New York: Academic Press: 30-56. Brennecke J, Hipfner DR, Stark A, et al. 2003. Bantam encodes a developmentally regulated microRNA that controls cell proliferation and