扎龙国家级自然保护区人工喂养丹顶鹤雏鹤混群野外行走运动训练的生物学效果初探
Biological Efficacy of Walking Training on Artificial Feeding Grus japonensis Storks in Zhalong National Nature Reserve

中文摘要：为提高扎龙国家级自然保护区人工喂养丹顶鹤 Grus japonensis雏鹤发育初期混群野外行走运动训练的效果，对其进行初步探讨和分析。本文以笼养种群人工喂养的10只雏鹤为研究对象，测量其7日龄、14日龄、21日龄和28日龄这4个生长发育时间节点的体质量、跗蹠长度和摄入能量，并对21日龄10只人工喂养雏鹤和6只野生雏鹤的体质量进行比较，探讨和分析这种训练模式可能存在的问题。结果发现，21日龄的人工喂养雏鹤比野生雏鹤体质量显著增加25.19%（ P<0.05），跗蹠长度组间差异无统计学意义，人工喂养雏鹤从7日龄、14日龄、21日龄至28日龄这4个生长发育时间节点的体质量、跗蹠长度和摄入能量依次呈现极显著的递增趋势（ P<0.01）。保护区人工喂养雏鹤混群野外行走运动训练方法虽然切实可行，但在木桶效应作用下，混群或分组不当可能会使部分雏鹤的运动训练不能达到预期效果。建议雏鹤发育初期混群野外行走运动训练应以14日龄为界进行分组。
英文摘要：To improve the effect of walk exercise training on field mixed group of artificial feeding red-crowned crane ( Grus japonensis) storks in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, the biological efficacy of walking training was discussed and analyzed. Using 10 artificial feeding storks and 6 wild storks, the body mass, leg length and energy intake of artificial feeding storks were measured four times at 7, 14, 21 to 28 day-old time nodes, respectively, and the body mass between artificial feeding and wild storks in 21 day-old time node was also compared. The food of artificial feeding storks was crucian meat strips containing bones by scissors shearing, and feeding method was many times and adequate supply every day. The storks were weighted (0.01 kg) by electronic balance. The amount of supplied and residual food was weighed every day, and the caloric content of food intake was determined using an oxygen bomb calorimeter. We found that the body mass of artificial feeding storks was significantly increased 25.19% than that of wild storks ( P<0.05), and no significant difference of leg length was observed between storks at 21 day-old time node. The body mass, leg length and energy intake of 7, 14, 21 to 28 day-old artificial feeding storks showed an extremely significant increasing trend ( P<0.01), while the growth rates of body mass and leg length after 14 day-old were more than before. The disease of stork leg deformation happened in their rapid growth period may be associated with this exercise training mode. To summarize, although the mode of the mixed group walking training in the storks was feasible, we suggest that grouping should be adopted in storks at 14 day-old time node but avoiding overweight during their rapid growth. 2018,37(1): 30-34 收稿日期：2017-03-16 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170084 分类号：Q959.7 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（31470016，31070345）；黑龙江省自然科学基金项目（C2016059） 作者简介：杨志宏(1974-),男,博士,副教授,主要从事鸟类生理生态学和能量学研究 *通讯作者：杨志宏,E-mail:yzh0452@163.com 参考文献： 蒋志刚, 江建平, 王跃招, 等. 2016. 中国脊椎动物红色名录[J]. 生物多样性, 24(5):500-551. 金爱晶, Naughton G, 王耀光, 等. 2000. 青少年运动员早期专业化训练的生理学问题[J]. 体育科学, 20(6):29-33. 李金录, 金煜. 1990. 丹顶鹤雏鸟生长发育的研究[J]. 生态学报,