川西南山区大绒鼠体表寄生虫多样性调查
Diversity of Ectoparasites on Eothenomys miletus in Mountainous Areas of Southwest Sichuan

中文摘要：在四川省西南部山区选取调查点,用鼠笼(夹)加食饵诱捕大绒鼠 Eothenomys miletus,采集并鉴定其体表的所有寄生虫。从7个调查地点共捕获大绒鼠127只,采集到恙螨、革螨、蚤和吸虱4大类体表寄生虫共3128只,分类鉴定为131种。大绒鼠体表寄生虫的总感染率为96.06%,总平均多度(平均个体数,虫指数)为24.63只寄生虫/每鼠。恙螨优势种为绒鼠纤恙螨 Leptotrombidium eothenomydis(24.26%,450/1855);革螨优势种为金氏厉螨 Laelaps chini(70.28%,506/720);蚤类优势种为方叶栉眼蚤 Ctenophthalmus quadratus(47.30%,149/315)和绒鼠怪蚤 Paradoxopsyllus custodis(13.65%,43/315);吸虱优势种为缺齿甲胁虱 Hoplopleura edentula(95.38%,227/238)。 U检验结果显示,雌、雄大绒鼠宿主间的全部体表寄生虫、恙螨和蚤的物种数和平均个体数差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,体表寄生虫与宿主身体参数(体质量)间无明显的直线相关关系,相关系数较低( r<0.3, P<0.05)。四川西南山区大绒鼠的体表寄生虫种类十分丰富,物种多样性很高,主要寄生虫类群是恙螨和革螨,并有多种传染病媒介种类。
英文摘要：This paper studied the ectoparasites on Eothenomys miletus (Yunnan red-backed vole). The cage traps for small mammals were set and re-baited every day in 7 investigated sites in southwest Sichuan, and 127 individuals of E. miletus were captured. Among of these voles, 96.06% were found infested by four taxa (categories) of ectoparasites, including fleas, sucking lice, gamasid mites and chigger mites. The mean abundance was 24.63 parasites per examined vole. The collected 3128 ectoparasites were identified as 131 species. The dominant species of ectoparasites were Leptotrombidium eothenomydis (24.26%, 450/1855) in chigger mites, Laelaps chini (70.28%, 506/720) in gamasid mites, Ctenophthalmus quadratus (47.30%, 149/315) and Paradoxopsyllus custodis (13.65%, 43/315) in fleas, and Hoplopleura edentula (95.38%, 227/238) in sucking lice, respectively. Between male and female hosts, significant differences were found on the abundance of entire parasites, chigger mites and fleas via Mann-Whitney U test ( P<0.05). No significant linear correlation was observed between the parasites and the body weight of the host ( E. miletus) via Spearman analysis ( r<0.3, P<0.05). In conclusion, there was a high species diversity of ectoparasites on E. miletus in the investigated areas, and the most common parasites were chigger mites and gamasid mites. Several species of ectoparasites on E. miletus can be the transmitting vectors of some zoonoses. 2015,34(2): 239-244 收稿日期：2014-9-19 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.02.013 分类号：Q959.837 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(81260259);大理学院大学生科研基金项目(KYSX2013120) 作者简介：杨鹏彪(1992—),男,临床医学专业本科生 *通讯作者：宋文宇,E-mail:merlin_song@hotmail.com 参考文献： 邓国藩, 王敦清, 顾以铭. 1993. 中国经济昆虫志(蜱螨亚纲)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. 董文鸽, 郭宪国, 门兴元, 等. 2009a. 滇西北鼠疫自然疫源地大绒鼠体表寄生虫研究[J]. 四川动物, 28(5): 683-690. 董文鸽, 郭宪国, 门兴元, 等. 2009b. 云南省洱海周边地带大绒鼠体表寄生虫的多样性调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 20(3): 193-197. 郭天宇, 杨国华, 潘凤庚, 等. 2001. 川西南地区小型兽类体外寄生革螨群落研究[J]. 四川动物, 20(3): 123-126. 侯舒心, 郭宪国, 门兴元, 等.