四川察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区白唇鹿繁殖期警戒行为
Vigilance Behavior of Cervus albirostris During Breeding Season in Chaqingsongduo White-lipped Deer National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

中文摘要：白唇鹿 Cervus albirostris是青藏高原及其周边地区特有种，国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物。为探讨白唇鹿对环境影响的警戒响应，于2016年9—10月采用焦点取样法对四川察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区白唇鹿繁殖期的警戒行为进行了观察，以探究影响白唇鹿个体警戒水平的因素，并利用白唇鹿警戒间隔片段数据来验证Pulliam警戒模型中顺序随机性的先提假设，即任意2次连续扫视间隔片段的时间长短是随机的，与前一次警戒间隔的长短无关。结果表明：白唇鹿的年龄性别对个体警戒水平有显著影响，幼崽警戒水平高于成体，雌性高于雄性；人类干扰程度和个体所处空间位置对警戒水平的影响不显著；93.4%的警戒间隔片段均为随机分布，表明白唇鹿警戒行为模式符合Pulliam模型中关于警戒间隔顺序随机性的假设。
英文摘要：White-lipped deer ( Cervus albirostris), which is categorized as Class Ⅰ nationally protected wildlife, is an endemic species to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent regions. With the method of focal sampling, the vigilance behavior of C. albirostris during the breeding season (September and October, 2016) in Sichuan Chaqingsongduo White-lipped Deer National Nature Reserve were observed to investigate the determinants of individual vigilance and to verify whether the vigilance intervals are randomly distributed according to the assumptions of Pulliam's vigilance model. It was found that age and sex had a significant effect on individual vigilance behavior; fawns were more vigilant than adults, and females were more vigilant than males. However, we did not find any significant effect of human disturbance and within-group spatial position on the vigilance behavior of C. albirostris. Most of the vigilance intervals (93.4%) were randomly distributed, indicating that vigilance patterns of C. albirostris support the assumption of sequential randomness of Pulliam's model. 2018,37(3): 305-310,330 收稿日期：2018-01-11 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20180016 分类号：Q959.8;Q958.1 基金项目：察青松多白唇鹿栖息地调查和警戒行为研究咨询项目（ms2016-418） 作者简介：汪开宝(1994-),男,硕士研究生,目前参与有蹄类动物行为生态学研究 *通讯作者：李忠秋,E-mail:lizq@nju.edu.cn 参考文献： 车烨, 李忠秋. 2014. 动物的警戒行为——回顾及展望[J]. 四川动物, 33(1):144-150. 游章强, 唐中海, 杨远斌, 等. 2014. 察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区白唇鹿对夏季生境的选择[J]. 兽类学报, 34(1):46-53. 余玉群. 1990. 白唇鹿性行为的观察[J]. 兽类学报, 10(1):235-236. 郑生武, 吴家炎, 韩亦平. 1989. 白唇鹿食性与繁殖的初步观察[J]. 兽类学报, 9(2):123-120. Avilés JM, Bednekoff PA. 2007. How do vigilance and feeding by common cranes Grus grus depend on age, habitat, and flock size?[J]. Journal of Avian Biology, 38(6):690-697. Beauchamp G. 2006. Nonrandom patterns of vigilance in flocks of the greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber ruber[J]. Animal Behaviour, 71(3):593-598. Bednekoff PA, Lima SL. 1998. Randomness, chaos and confusion in the study of antipredator vigilance[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 13(7):284-287. Cameron EZ, Toit JT. 2005. Social influences on vigilance behaviour in giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis[J]. Animal Behaviour, 69(6):1337-1344. Carro ME, Fernández GJ, Reboreda JC. 2011. Sequential predictability of the