EPES方法在中国自然保护区管理中的实践与展望
Practice and Prospects on Applying EPES Approach for Nature Reserve Management in China

中文摘要：公正的生态系统有偿服务(equitable payment for ecological service,EPES)是指生态系统服务的消费者(买家)和提供者(卖家),围绕双方认可的生态系统服务(产品)基于市场形成对应的买卖关系,双方均因此获得持续的更多更好的经济、生态和社会利益的生态补偿方法。EPES在四川峨边黑竹沟国家级自然保护区的实践表明,自然保护区管理部门可以在保护区恰当的生态系统空间范围内,应用EPES方法整合企业、地方政府、社区和自然保护区管理部门的资源,协助生态系统服务的买家(企业)和卖家(社区)建立起基于市场驱动而非政府财政转移支付的生态补偿激励机制,提高社区、企业和地方政府参与自然保护区管理的积极性和有效性,显著提升自然保护区管理的绩效。
英文摘要：EPES (equitable payment for ecological service) is an ecological compensation approach set up by the providers (sellers) and consumers (buyers) of ecological service. This method is based on the market needs, which works as an incentive mechanism for specific ecological service (products), promotes the sellers to improve the land use model, and assures the sellers' livelihood and the buyers' productive or commercial activities. Both two parties could have benefited more economically, environmentally and socially from this process, once the ecological service has been improved at ecosystem level. The practice of EPES approach in Heizhugou National Nature Reserve illustrated the progressive. It evidenced that the nature reserve administration could apply the EPES approach, to facilitate local communities and enterprises and set a local-based market driven ecological compensation mechanism as incentive in the nature reserve, rather than the state-dominated financial compensation only. EPWS (equitable payment for watershed service) could help nature reserve administration to promote the effective participation of local communities, enterprises (commercial companies) and local governments on nature reserve management, increase the effectiveness and efficiency of nature reserve management. 2015,34(4): 614-619,625 收稿日期：2014-11-10 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.04.021 分类号：X24;S759.9 基金项目：世界自然基金会(WWF)合作的Hydrologic and Community Research of EPES in Sichuan项目 作者简介：邓维杰(1963—),男,副教授,主要从事自然保护区(资源)管理与社区发展领域工作,E-mail:dweijie@sicau.edu.cn 参考文献： 郭辉军, 施本植. 2013. 自然保护区生态补偿机制研究[J]. 经济问题探索, 34(8): 135-142. 高吉喜. 2013. 区域生态学基本理论探索[J]. 中国环境科学, 33(7): 1252-1262. 闵庆文, 甄霖, 杨光梅. 2007. 自然保护区生态补偿研究与实践进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 23(1): 81-84. 武瑞杰. 2013. 生态系统服务、产权与生态补偿市场工具的选择[J]. 人民论坛, 22(23): 80-82. 王慧娟. 2009. 生态系统服务补偿制度中政府角色研究[J]. 决策与信息(下旬刊), 26(5): 21. 刘桂环, 文一惠, 孟蕊, 等. 2011. 官厅水库流域生态补偿机制研究: 生态系统服务视角[J]. 中国人口资源与环境, 21(12): 61-64. 肖飞鹏, 李晖, 尹辉, 等. 2014. 基于生态系统服务的青狮潭水库生态补偿研究[J]. 广西师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 32(2): 162-166. Corbera E, Kosoy N, Tuna MM. 2006. Equity implications of marketing ecosystem services in protected areas and rural communities: Case studies from Meso-America[J]. Global Environmental Change, 17(3-4): 365-380