丙氨酸消旋酶的研究进展
Research progress on alanine racemase

摘要： 丙氨酸消旋酶（ALR）是以吡哆醛磷酸为辅酶，催化L-丙氨酸与D-丙氨酸相互转化的一类酶，广泛分布于低等生物，与由细菌引起的疾病密切相关。近年来ALR已成为设计抗菌药物的又一理想靶位。变异链球菌是口腔龋病主要致病菌，产酸耐酸、黏附能力和合成细胞内外多糖能力是其主要的致龋毒力。本文对ALR的分类、结构特征、生理功能及实际应用等方面进行系统阐述，为进一步研究ALR与变异链球菌致病毒力的关系，发展龋病抗菌药物候选靶标提供理论基础。
Abstract: Alanine racemase(ALR) is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes reversible racemization between enantiomers of alanine. The enzyme is widely used/existed in lower organisms and is closely related to diseases caused by bacteria. In recent years, ALR has become an ideal design target of antibacterial drugs. Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) is the main pathogenic bacteria in dental caries, and the main cariogenic virulence of S.mutans includes acid production, ability of adhesion and synthesis of polysaccharide. This review will systematically summarize the classifications, structure characteristics, physiological function, and application of ALR. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between ALR and cariogenic virulence of S.mutans is useful and can provide an important theoretical basis for additional research on the potential antibacterial drug target to caries.
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