骨髓间质干细胞归巢至损伤组织的研究进展
Research progress on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell homing to the damaged tissue

摘要： 骨髓间质干细胞（BMMSC）归巢至损伤的心肌组织，可恢复心肌丧失的功能。基质细胞衍生因子（SDF）1和半胱氨酸-X-半胱氨酸趋化因子受体（CXCR）4是刺激修复细胞迁移至受损心肌的关键性趋化因子，BMMSC会沿着SDF1质量浓度梯度定向迁移至靶器官。BMMSC在冠状动脉和心内膜注入定植率较高，而心内膜注入更为安全且不良反应少。BMMSC释放的神经生长因子、干细胞生长因子和脑衍生神经营养因子等可明显改善谷氨酸诱导的神经元损伤，是组织修复、自身免疫性疾病和移植物抗宿主病的免疫调节剂。BMMSC可调控肿瘤组织中表皮生长因子受体和CXCR4等趋化因子的表达，从而控制肿瘤细胞的增殖。BMMSC亦是牙周组织工程学中理想的种子细胞，而冷冻后的BMMSC可保持其新鲜的特性，归巢数量有所增加。把BMMSC引入牙周损伤组织中，将为牙周损伤组织的修复和再生提供新的思路和楔入点。
Abstract: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMMSC) homing to damaged myocardial tissues can restore cardiac loss function. Stromal cell-derived factor(SDF)1 and cysteine-X-chemokine receptor(CXCR)4 are key chemokines that stimulate repaired cell migration to the damage myocardium; BMMSC moves along the mass concentration of SDF1 to achieve gradient-directed migration to target organs. While both BMMSC in coronary arteries and endocardial injections promote higher rates of colonization, the latter is safer and presents fewer adverse reactions. BMMSC release of nerve and stem cell growth factors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor can significantly improve glutamate-induced neuronal damage; moreover, this release is an immune modulator of tissue repair, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease. BMMSC can regulate the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor and chemokines of CXCR4 in tumor tissue, thereby controlling tumor cell proliferation. BMMSC are also ideal cells in periodontal tissue engineering; frozen BMMSC can maintain their fresh characteristics and homing ability is increased. BMMSC migration into the periodontal injury tissue can provide a new perspective for the repair and regeneration of periodontal-damaged tissue.
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