长链非编码RNA的研究进展及其与口腔肿瘤的关系
Long non-coding RNA and its relationship with oral cancer

摘要： 长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类长度大于200 nt的不具备编码蛋白质功能的RNA,近年来才获得较多的关注,发现其在生命过程中发挥关键作用。越来越多的研究表明,lncRNA在细胞生理过程中扮演了重要的角色,包括细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、迁移、入侵和染色质重塑。更重要的是,lncRNA在肿瘤生物学和预后方面的作用越来越被认可,多项研究表明,lncRNA对肿瘤的生长和转移起重要作用,与多种肿瘤的预后不良相关,lncRNA可能是潜在的肿瘤标志物和治疗靶标。lncRNA被发现存在于多个肿瘤表达缺失,然而其对肿瘤发生、发展和转移的分子机制仍不完全明确。本文强调了lncRNA在肿瘤发病机制中的最新发现,总结概述了lncRNA在不同肿瘤中的表达和作用,发现lncRNA已经成为一类新的有前途的肿瘤标记物,许多独立研究证实其作为恶性肿瘤诊断、预后、预测和监测治疗反应工具的可行性。对lncRNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用的研究虽然仍处于初级阶段,但毫无疑问,了解lncRNA的活动必将改善肿瘤患者的治疗。
Abstract: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a family of non-protein-coding RNAs with length of more than 200 nucleotides. These lncRNAs have gained considerable attention and recently emerged as main participants in biological processes. An increasing number of studies showed that lncRNAs play important roles in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and chromatin remodelling. Importantly, lncRNAs are increasingly recognised in cancer biology and prognosis. Multiple studies also indicated that lncRNAs play important roles in tumour growth and metastasis and poor prognosis in multiple tumour types. These RNAs may also act as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers. Furthermore, lncRNA deregulation is observed in multiple tumours. However, the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis remains poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the recent findings on lncRNAs in cancer pathogenesis and summarise an overview of current knowledge concerning the expression and role of lncRNA in various cancers. Additionally, lncRNAs emerged as a new class of promising cancer biomarkers. Independent studies demonstrated the feasibility of their use as tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of malignancies and in the prediction and possible monitoring treatment response. The role of lncRNAs in cancers is an emerging field of study. Although our understanding about the role of lncRNAs in the onset and progression of cancers is still in its infancy, further understanding the activities of lncRNAs will secure improved treatment options for cancer patients.
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