任务分区及工位约束下装配线第二类平衡研究

装配线平衡直接影响产品产量，也是在装配线布局初始或重构时所必须面临的问题.针对第二类装配线平衡问题（ALBP 2），构建了一种考虑优先关系约束、任务分区约束和工位约束的多目标优化模型.为提高模型求解效率，采用逐步缩小节拍搜索范围的动态步长方法，提出基于自动机回溯算法的改进粒子群算法，提高了任务分配合理性，快速搜索出具有最小节拍和负载平滑系数的任务分配方案.引入任务分配矩阵表示每个工位上的任务分配情况，使结果描述更加明确.通过案例分析验证了所提模型和方法的有效性.
The balance of assembly line has a great effect on the output of products, and is also a problem to be dealt with at the phases of designing and reconfiguring. Aimed at the current assembly line balancing problem type 2(ALBP 2), a multi objective model was proposed, taking task sequence constraints, task zoning constraints and workstation related constraints into account, to minimize cycle time and work loading smoothness index. First, a dynamic step length method was applied, which gradually shrank the searching span of cycle time, to improve the efficiency of computing. Then, an improved PSO algorithm based on a Back Algorithm (BA) was introduced to promote the rationality of tasks allocating. After that task allocation matrix was described to show details of task allocations in stations and clarify the result. Finally, a case was illustrated to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method