中国古代伤病军人医疗保障初探
Preliminary study on Chinese ancient wounded and ill soldiers’ medical care

中国古代对伤病军人的医疗与军队历史相始终。贤明将帅亲力亲为救治部属屡创佳话。长期的军事 医疗工作实践经验，逐步积淀成较为原初的军人医疗保障制度。重点保障军官用医用药，折射出旧军队体系内 的等级制度和治疗对待差别。战伤及病患军人转移、后送机制渐次轮廓清晰。年老、伤病患军人返乡道途中生 活、医疗支持系统初步发挥功能，抚恤政策规定浮出台面。成绩突出的军医获得嘉勉、渎职偾事者受到惩戒， 古老的绩效考校机制有助于调动军医工作积极性。
Chinese ancient wounded and ill soldiers’ medical care system came into being with the military history. The deeds that judicious generals save subordinates by themselves were praised far and wide. Long-term experience of military medical practice gradually accumulated into a primitive military medical care system. Laying more stress on the officers’ medical care reflected the hierarchy and the treatment discrimination within the old military system. The mechanism for transferring and transporting the wounded and ill soldiers gradually came to be clear in procedure and outline. The life and medical support system for the old or injured soldiers’ returning home fulfilled a preliminary function. The pension policy surfaced. Outstanding military surgeons were rewarded and dereliction of duty was subject to punishment. The ancient performance assessment system helped to mobilize the enthusiasm of medical surgeons