粒子破岩钻进技术研究进展及发展趋势

粒子破岩钻进技术在提高深井硬地层和强研磨性地层钻进速度和效益方面具有巨大的发展潜力。在对国内外的研究现状进行广泛调研的基础上,结合研究实际,对粒子破岩钻进的技术路线、粒子注入系统、回收系统以及适合于粒子冲击破岩的井下破岩工具等方面的研究进展进行分析。结果表明:连续、稳定地将高硬度和高研磨性的粒子注入到高压钻井液中,并使其在钻井液中均匀分布,而且能有效回收是该技术的基础;个性化的PID钻头设计和水力参数优化设计是该技术研究的重点;提高系统使用寿命和工作稳定性是加快技术推广应用的突破口;粒子射流对岩石的冲击动载作用和应力波损伤软化作用机制以及射流-机械联合破岩机制研究是该技术研究的前沿。
The application of particle impact drilling (PID) technology in hard and strong abrasive rock formations has a great potential for increasing drilling speed and efficiency. In this paper, the state of the art of the PID technology was described and its prospective development was analyzed based on an intensive literature survey in the area over the world and the author 's active research work. The recent progress of the PID technology and its key aspects were summarized systematically, including the particle injection and recovery systems and tools used for down-hole rock-breaking. Continuous and stable injection of hard and abrasive particles into drilling fluid is essential to the PID application, and the homogenous distribution of the particles in drilling fluid and their recovery on the surface are also important for the efficiency of the technology. Individualized design of the PID bit and optimum selection of the hydraulic paramenters are the key points of the current research. Improvement of the service life of the PID system and its stability is fundenmental for the application of the technology, which needs further research and breakthrough. On the mechanism study of the PID, it has been focused on the effects of dynamic loading and stress wave damage and softening of the particle jet on rocks and the combined jet-mechanical rock breaking mechanism, which are still the research fronts of the future study