中国小麦微核心种质籽粒铅、镉、锌积累差异性分析及低积累品种筛选

[目的]本文旨在筛选籽粒重金属低积累型作物品种，以减少污染农田重金属进入食物链。[方法]采用重金属污染农田原位筛选方式，研究了261份小麦微核心种质的籽粒对重金属铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、锌（Zn）积累的差异。[结果]污染农田土壤Pb、Cd、Zn含量分别为449.2、2.4、532.9 mg？kg-1，均超过我国土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准（GB 15618-1995）。261个品种（品系）的小麦籽粒Pb、Cd、Zn的积累能力存在明显的差异性，其变幅分别为0.002~0.920、0.010~0.853、45.773~121.081 mg？kg-1。以GB 2762-2012和NY 861-2004的限量（Pb含量≤0.2 mg？kg-1、Cd含量≤0.1 mg？kg-1、Zn含量≤50 mg？kg-1）为评价标准，其中有92个小麦样品Pb超标，超标率为35.2%；Cd超标样品为251个，超标率达96.2%；Zn超标样品有254个，超标率达97.3%。[结论]13个Pb低积累品种（品系）（Pb含量低于0.020 mg？kg-1）：‘松蕊麦（四号）’‘云麦34’‘石家庄54’‘赤壳’‘本地黄花麦’‘托克逊1号’‘泰山1号’‘和尚麦’‘白蒲（落青）’‘早五天’‘钱交麦’‘他诺瑞’‘台中23’；10个Cd低积累品种（品系）（Cd含量小于0.1 mg？kg-1）：‘白条鱼’‘青春28’‘半截芒’‘红金包银’‘大粒半芒’‘碱麦’‘红冬麦’‘白齐头’‘托克逊1号’‘涿鹿冬麦’；6个Zn低积累品种（品系）：‘红金包银’‘秃芒麦’‘日喀则8号’‘温麦6号’‘托克逊1号’‘红须麦’。其中‘托克逊1号’为Pb、Zn、Cd低积累品种。
[Objectives]This research aims at the selection of pollution-safe cultivars (PSC)as a practicable approach to minimizing the influx of heavy metal into the human food chain. [Methods]A field experiment was carried out to study the differences of lead,cadmium and zinc accumulation among the grains of Chinese mini-core collection germplasms. [Results]The contaminated farmland heavy metal contents were 449.2,2.4 and 532.9 mg？kg-1,for Pb,Cd and Zn,respectively,which were higher than GradeⅡof environmental quality standard for soil (GB 15618-1995).There was significant difference in heavy metal (Pb,Cd and Zn)concentration in grain among 261 wheat varieties (lines),whose were ranged with 0.002-0.920,0.010-0.853,45.773-121.081 mg？kg-1 for Pb,Cd and Zn,respectively. According to the standards on foods and products (GB 2762-2012)and (NY 861-2004),there were 92,251 and 254 wheat grain samples exceeding the standards for Pb,Cd and Zn,respectively,whose proportion were 35.2%,96.2% and 97.3%. [Conclusions]Songruimai,Yunmai 34,Shijiazhuang 54,Chike,Bendihuanghuamai,Tuokexun 1,Taishan 1,Heshangmai,Baipu,Zaowutian,Qianjiaomai,Tanori,Taizhong 23 were Pb low-accumulation cultivars in the grain;Baitiaoyu,Qingchun 28,Banjiemang,Hongjinbaoyin,Dalibanmang,Jianmai,Hongdongmai,Baiqitou,Tuokexun 1,Zhuoludongmai were Cd low-accumulation cultivars;Hongjinbaoyin,Tumangmai,Rikeze 8,Wenmai 6,Tuokexun 1,Hongxumai were Zn low-accumulation cultivars;Among the tested cultivars,Tuokexun 1 had the lowest Pb,Cd and Zn accumulating abilities