发酵饲料对鲤鱼幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性、肌肉品质和免疫机能的影响

[目的]本试验旨在探究发酵饲料对鲤鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活性、肌肉品质和免疫机能的影响。[方法]制备了5组饲料：基础饲料（G1）、基础饲料中添加2.5%（G2）或5%（G3）发酵饲料、基础饲料中菜粕用5%（G4）或10%（G5）的发酵饲料等蛋白替代。300尾鲤鱼随机分5组，每组4个重复，每重复15尾，每组饲喂1种饲料。每日将鱼饱食投喂3次，投喂10周。养殖结束后采集血液、肝脏、肠道、肌肉样品测定免疫机能、消化酶活性和肌肉品质指标。[结果]G3、G4、G5组的饲料系数显著低于G1组（P<0.05），但与G2组差异不显著（P>0.05）。各组间增重率、特定生长率、摄食量、蛋白质效率以及氮/能量保留率等指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。发酵饲料对肌肉水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和能量水平、系水力、蒸煮损失、含肉率、肌肉质构以及肉色（a*、b*与L*值）等指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。G1组肠道脂肪酶活性显著低于G3、G4和G5组（P<0.05），而其淀粉酶活性显著高于G3与G5组（P<0.05）。G1组血浆皮质醇与补体C3含量显著低于G4组（P<0.05），但其髓质过氧化物酶活性显著高于G4组（P<0.05）。此外，各组间肝脏过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均无显著差异。[结论]发酵饲料不仅可以提高鲤鱼幼鱼的饲料利用率，还可以提高其消化功能和非特异性免疫机能，并且不会对肌肉品质造成不良影响。
[Objectives]This study aimes to investigate the effects of fermented feed on the growth performance,digestive enzyme activities,fillet quality and immunity of juvenile carp(Cyprinus carpio). [Methods]A total of 5 experimental feeds were prepared:the basal feed(G1),the basal feed supplemented with 2.5%(G2) or 5.0%(G3) of fermented feed,5%(G4) or 10%(G5) of fermented feed substituting the rapeseed meal in basal feed. Three hundred carp were randomly divided into five groups,there were four repetitions in each group,and each repetition had fifteen tails of carp,and each group was fed with one kinds of feed. Fish were fed three times daily for 10 weeks. After the feeding trial,the samples were collected with the parameters measured. [Results]The results showed that the feed conversion ratio of G1 was significantly higher than that of G3,G4 and G5(P<0.05),but showed little difference with that of G2(P>0.05). In addition,no significant difference was observed in weight gain,specific growth rate,food intake,protein efficiency and nitrogen and energy retention among all the groups(P>0.05). No significant difference was observed in whole-body moisture,protein,lipid,ash and energy contents as well as the water-holding capacity,cooking loss,meat content,muscle texture and flesh color(namely the a*,b* and L* value) (P>0.05). The intestinal lipase and amylase activities of G4 were significantly higher than those of G1(P<0.05). The levels of plasma cortisol and complement C3 of G1 were significantly lower than those of G4(P<0.05),but the activity of myeloperoxidase was significantly higher than that of G4(P<0.05). Furthermore,the hepatic activities of catalase,superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase as well as the total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde contents all showed little difference among all the groups(P>0.05). [Conclusions]Fermented feed can not only improve the