黄瓜耐盐突变体材料的筛选与鉴定

[目的]本文旨在从黄瓜突变体材料中筛选耐盐突变体材料。[方法]对948份’长春密刺’黄瓜突变体材料进行NaCl溶液催芽试验，通过对比发芽率、发芽势和相对发芽率，结合胚根生长状况进行初步筛选，然后对发芽期筛选出的优质材料进行幼苗期盐胁迫处理（120 mmol？L-1NaCl营养液，处理7 d），测定株高、根长、茎粗、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、茎节数等形态指标，分析超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标。[结果]根据发芽期突变体材料的发芽指标情况，共筛选出25份耐盐突变体材料，从中挑选出12份优质材料。在盐胁迫处理下12份黄瓜突变体各项形态及生理指标均出现下降，但耐盐性好的材料表现显著优于对照，最终经过综合比较后筛选出7份耐盐新材料：Mu-94-6、Mu-34-2、Mu-144-10、Mu-70-11、Mu-42-5、Mu-61-2、Mu-43-4。[结论]通过对突变体库的筛选，得到7份耐盐新材料。这些材料的获得对黄瓜耐盐性的遗传研究和新品种培育具有重要意义。
[Objectives]This article aims to screen the salt tolerant materials of cucumber. [Methods]Total 948 ‘Changchunmici’ cucumber mutants were subjected to NaCl solution germination test,and salt tolerant lines were preliminarily selected by comparing germination rate,germination potential,relative germination rate,and radicle growth status. Further,We treated these lines with nutrient solution containing NaCl with a concentration of 120 mmol？L-1 for 7 days at seedling stage. And then the morphological indicators(plant height,root length,stem diameter,fresh weight on the ground,fresh weight of the ground and stem number) and physiological indexes(SOD,POD and CAT activities,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid and soluble protein contents) were investigated. [Results]25 candidate salt tolerant lines were preliminarily selected by comparing the germination index. Further,12 materials were selected from these lines and treated with nutrient solution containing NaCl. Salt stress caused morphological and physiological indexes of cucumber to decline,but theses indexes in salt tolerant materials of cucumber were significantly higher than them in the control. Based on these results,7 salt-tolerant new materials(Mu-94-6,Mu-34-2 and Mu-144-10,Mu-70-11,Mu-42-5,Mu-61-2 and Mu-43-4) with high tolerance to salt were finally identified. [Conclusions]Through the screening of mutants,7 salt-tolerant new materials were obtained. These materials are of great significance and value to the genetic research and cultivation of new varieties of cucumber