带附加气室空气弹簧等效刚度和等效阻尼高斯模型

[目的] 研究带附加气室空气弹簧节流孔面积对弹簧振动特性参数的影响规律，为实现弹簧出力连续精确可调及后续车辆空气悬架系统的主动控制提供理论依据。[方法] 以美国凡士通（Firestone）公司1T15M-2型膜式空气弹簧为试验对象，构建带附加气室的空气弹簧系统，研究初始气压及节流孔面积对弹簧振动特性参数的影响规律；通过试验结果对带附加气室空气弹簧的理论模型进行修正，将试验结果与理论模型进行比较；根据试验数据的分布规律，提出带附加气室空气弹簧等效刚度和等效阻尼的高斯模型，对试验结果进行高斯拟合，将试验曲线与拟合曲线进行比较，并通过对试验系统阻尼比计算精度的分析，验证高斯模型的正确性。[结果] 试验结果表明：气压越大弹簧刚度越大，弹簧刚度随节流孔面积的增大而减小，阻尼随节流孔面积的增大先增大后减小；通过修正后的理论值与试验值存在较大误差；对高斯模型计算得到的等效阻尼比精度进行分析，表明高斯模型假设满足试验结果，且模型的计算精度高。[结论] 带附加气室空气弹簧初始气压及节流孔面积对其刚度和阻尼有较明显的影响；所建高斯模型具有参数简单、误差较小的优点。
[Objectives] To provide theoretical basis for the realization of continuously adjustable spring output and a follow-up basis on active control of vehicle air suspension system,this paper aims to study the influence of orifice area on air spring with auxiliary chamber’s vibration parameters. [Methods] To construct the systems of air spring with auxiliary chamber,American Firestone’s 1T15M-2 membrane air spring was taken as the study’s object. A research about the influence of initial pressure and orifice area on air spring with auxiliary chamber’s vibration parameters was conducted. The theoretical model of air spring with auxiliary chamber was corrected through experimental results. And the experimental results were compared with the theoretical results. Air spring with auxiliary chamber’s equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping’s Gaussian model were proposed according to the characteristics of the experimental data. The experimental data was fitted by Gaussian fitting. A comparison between experimental curve and fitting curve was conducted. The correctness of Gaussian model was verified through analyzing the accuracy of experimental system’s damping ratio. [Results] Experimental results show that the greater the pressure is,the greater the spring stiffness is. Spring stiffness decreases with increasing orifice area,damping first and then decreasing with increasing orifice area. There is a big error between the amended theoretical results and the experimental results. And through analyzing the accuracy of equivalent damping ratio,it shows the assumptions of Gaussian model meets the experimental results. [Conclusions] Air spring with auxiliary chamber initial pressure level of the orifice area has a more significant impact on their stiffness and damping;the constructed Gaussian model is characterized by small parameters and errors