脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对蛋鸡生产性能、血液指标和抗氧化能力的影响

[目的]本试验旨在研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol，DON）对高产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血常规、血液生化指标以及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。[方法]选用26周龄体质量为（1.90±0.2）kg、产蛋率一致的海兰蛋鸡120只，随机分为6组，每组4个重复，每个重复5只，对照组每天灌胃等量生理盐水，试验组每天分别灌胃1、5、10、20和50 mg？kg-1 DON，连续灌服6周。[结果]与对照组相比，不同质量浓度DON处理组蛋白高度和哈夫单位均显著升高，白细胞（WBC）和血小板（PLT）数量均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。DON剂量为10 mg？kg-1时，与对照组相比，蛋鸡产蛋率极显著降低（P<0.01），血清中红细胞（RBC）数量、血红蛋白（HGB）含量和红细胞压积（HCT）极显著上升至最高（P<0.01）；DON剂量高于10 mg？kg-1时，与对照组相比，血清中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和尿素（UREA）浓度及肝脏组织中一氧化氮（NO）和丙二醛（MDA）浓度显著提高（P<0.05或P<0.01），蛋壳颜色和肝脏组织中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），但5 mg？kg-1 DON组的T-AOC水平和SOD活性显著提升（P<0.05）。[结论]DON会显著影响蛋鸡的凝血功能，当DON剂量达到10 mg？kg-1会显著降低蛋鸡产蛋率和蛋品质，引起肝脏和肾脏组织损伤，对肝脏的抗氧化能力也具有显著抑制作用。
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of deoxynivalenol(DON)on performance, egg quality, blood routine, serum biochemical parameter and liver oxidation indices in laying hens. [Methods] One hundred twenty 26-week-old Hy-Line laying hens with weight(1.90±0.2)kg and similar egg production rate were randomly allotted to 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 laying hens per replicate, the laying hens in the test groups were fed one of the 5 kinds of diets[1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg？kg-1 DON exposed daily via intragastric administration]for 6 weeks, and laying hens in the control group were fed the same equivalent normal saline as test groups in the same protocol. [Results] Compared with control, albumen height and Haugh unit value in different DON groups significantly increased, but the count of WBC and PLT remarkably decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In 10 mg？kg-1 DON group, egg production rate decreased(P<0.01), and RBC, HGB and HCT in blood significantly increased compared with control group(P<0.01). Besides, when doses of DON was added more than 10 mg？kg-1, the HGB, RBC and HCT in blood, the concentration of UREA and levels of AST, ALT and ALP in serum and the concentration of NO and MDA in liver were significantly elevated(P<0.05 or P<0.01), but eggshell color and the activity of T-AOC, GSH-Px and SOD in liver significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, levels of T-AOC and SOD in 5 mg？kg-1 DON group dramatically increased(P<0.05). [Conclusions] It is concluded that the supplementation of DON could significantly affect the blood coagulation function of laying hens, and addition of 10 mg？kg-1 DON could cause the decrease of egg production rate and egg quality, the organ damage of liver and kidney and the reduction of antioxidant ability in liver of laying hens