硅酸盐矿物体外吸附剂对饲料铅的吸附效果及其对福瑞鲤生长的影响

[目的]通过体内（外）试验，探究硅酸盐吸附剂对饲料铅吸附效果及对福瑞鲤生长、组织铅沉积的影响。[方法]体外试验分别以吸附时间（20、40、60、80、100和120 min）、溶液pH值（2、3、4、5、6、7）和Pb2+起始质量浓度（20、50、100、200 mg？L-1）为变量，以三水合乙酸铅为铅源，考察3种吸附剂（蒙脱石、沸石、凹凸棒土）对其吸附效果。体内试验配制5组试验饲料，分别为：负对照组（基础饲料不含铅）、正对照组（基础饲料添加100 mg？kg-1铅）、蒙脱石组（100 mg？kg-1铅+5 g？kg-1蒙脱石）、沸石组（100 mg？kg-1铅+30 g？kg-1沸石）、棒土组（100 mg？kg-1铅+30 g？kg-1凹凸棒土）。养殖试验选取345尾福瑞鲤，初始体质量约（22.95±0.15）g，随机分为5组，每组3个重复，饲养56 d。[结果]体外试验表明：3种吸附剂的吸附率随吸附时间、溶液pH值的增加均呈升高趋势，随Pb2+起始质量浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势，在吸附时间为40~120 min、pH值为2.0~7.0及Pb2+起始质量浓度为50~200 mg？L-1条件下，蒙脱石的吸附率均高于沸石及凹凸棒土。体内试验结果表明：与对照组相比，3种吸附剂对福瑞鲤的生长性能及组织铅残留均无显著影响（P>0.05）；添加吸附剂后，各组织中铅含量均比正对照组低（P>0.05），肝脏组织中铅含量与负对照组相比增加但不显著；蒙脱石组肝脏、鳃中铅含量与负对照组差异不显著。[结论]在本试验条件下，3种硅酸盐对饲料铅均有一定的吸附作用，且蒙脱石的吸附效果优于沸石和凹凸棒土。
[Objectives] This study aimed to evaluate silicate adsorbents on absorption of Pb2+ and the effects of dietary supplement of different silicate adsorbents on FFRC strain common carp. [Methods] In vitro,different time(20,40,60,80,100 and 120 min),pH value(2,3,4,5,6 and 7) and concentration of Pb2+(20,50,100 and 200 mg？L-1) were designed to evaluate the absorption activity of montmorillonite,zeolite and attapulgiteclay. In vivo,five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different adsorbents,such as negative control group(plumbum-free),control group(100 mg？kg-1 Pb2+),montmorillonite group(100 mg？kg-1 Pb2+ and 5 g？kg-1montmorillonite),zeolite group(100 mg？kg-1 Pb2+and 30 g？kg-1 zeolite) and attapulgiteclay group(100 mg？kg-1 Pb2+ and 30 g？kg-1 attapulgiteclay). 345 fish(initial weight:22.95 g) were in 15 aquarium tanks and fed 3 times daily for 56 d. [Results] The results showed that adsorption rate of three silicate adsorbents increased by time,concentration of Pb2+ and pH value,being the highest in 120 min,pH7.0 and concentration of Pb2+ being 50 mg？L-1. No significant difference was found in growth performance of dietary with different silicate adsorbents(P>0.05). Deposition of Pb2+ on liver and gills of montmorillonite group was not significantly different from negative control group(P>0.05). [Conclusions] Based on the above results,the dietary of silicate adsorbents could adsorb the dietary Pb2+ to improve the deposition of Pb2+ on tissues of FFRC strain common carp