不同炭化温度生物质炭对不同质地植烟土壤铵态氮含量的影响

[目的]研究不同温度（360和500℃）处理下的生物质炭与土壤质地（壤土和砂土）对0~30 cm土层铵态氮含量动态变化及土壤-烟株体系氮素表观损失量的影响，旨在探讨利用生物质炭改良植烟土壤技术途径。[方法]用蒸渗仪种植烟草，研究8种处理（RCK1：壤土，不施肥；RCK2：壤土，施化肥；RT1：壤土，施化肥，施360℃生物质炭；RT2：壤土，施化肥，施500℃生物质炭；SCK1：砂土，不施肥；SCK2：砂土，施化肥；ST1：砂土，施化肥，施360℃生物质炭；ST2：砂土，施化肥，施500℃生物质炭）不同土层NH4+-N含量的动态变化，并分析氮素表观损失量。[结果]在砂土中，低温炭处理显著提高了0~30 cm土层NH4+-N含量平均值，比对照高22.32%，其中0~10 cm土层NH4+-N含量增加显著，为36.88 mg？kg-1，比对照增加了31.82%；高温炭处理显著减少了0~30 cm土层NH4+-N含量平均值，比对照低10.79%，其中0~10 cm与10~20 cm土层NH4+-N含量均降低。在壤土中，NH4+-N含量平均值显著低于砂土。2种生物质炭处理下壤土0~30 cm土层NH4+-N含量与对照相比均无显著差异。低温炭与高温炭处理0~10 cm土层NH4+-N含量显著低于对照，分别减少了12.17%和25.34%，而10~20 cm土层NH4+-N含量分别比对照增加了2.48%和13.38%，20~30 cm土层NH4+-N含量分别比对照增加了32.14%和38.84%，且高温炭比低温炭表现更明显。施用生物质炭能减少土壤-烟株体系的氮素表观损失量，低温炭比高温炭效果更好。各处理（RT1、RT2、ST1、ST2）分别比各自常规施肥对照减少了40.27%、34.10%、68.73%和54.05%（P<0.05）。[结论]在砂土中施用低温炭能增加NH4+-N含量，而施用高温炭NH4+-N含量减少。在壤土中2种生物质炭均可以使0~10 cm土层NH4+-N含量减少，而20~30 cm土层NH4+-N含量增加。施用生物质炭能减少土壤-烟株体系的氮素表观损失量，低温炭比高温炭效果更显著。
[Objectives]Research was conducted on the effects of biomass carbon under different temperature(360 and 500℃) treatments and soil texure(loam and sand) on the dynamic changes of ammonium nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer and the apparent loss of nitrogen in soil-tobacco system,and the purpose was to explore the use of biomass carbon modified tobacco soil technology.[Methods]With lysimeter planting tobacco,the dynamic changes of NH4+-N content from different soil layers in eight treatments(RCK1:loam,no fertilization;RCK2:loam,fertilization application;RT1:loam,fertilization application,360℃ biomass carbon application;RT2:loam,fertilization application,500℃ biomass carbon application;SCK1:sandy,no fertilization;SCK2:sandy,fertilization application;ST1:sandy,fertilization application,360℃ biomass carbon application;ST2:sandy,fertilization application,500℃ biomass carbon application) were studied,and the apparent loss of nitrogen was analyzed.[Results]In the sandy soil,low-temperature biochar treatment significantly increased the average value of NH4+-N content of 0-30 cm soil layer,which was 17.34 mg？kg-1,which was 22.32% higher than the control. The content of NH4+-N in 0-10 cm soil layer significantly increased,which was 36.88 mg？kg-1,which was 31.82% higher than that of the control. In the sandy soil,high temperature biochar treatment significantly reduced the average value of NH4+-N content in the 0-30 cm soil layer,which was 12.65 mg？kg-1,which was 10.79% lower than the control,in which the content of NH4+-N between 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer was reduced. In the loam,the average value of the NH4+-N content was significantly lower