ASD阻燃剂对落叶松材阻燃性能的影响

为制备具有良好阻燃性能的落叶松(Larix gmelinii)结构材,采用不同质量分数的ASD阻燃剂以真空加压的方式处理落叶松材,通过锥形量热仪测试和热重分析来考察阻燃剂对落叶松材的阻燃效果,并确定最佳的ASD阻燃剂质量分数。结果表明:经ASD阻燃剂处理后,落叶松材总热释放量和烟释放总量明显降低,降低幅度随ASD阻燃剂质量分数的增大而提高; CO产率升高,CO2产率明显降低,升高或降低幅度随ASD阻燃剂质量分数的增大而增大,CO产率和CO2产率之和明显下降,说明ASD阻燃处理明显抑制了落叶松材的燃烧。综合考虑阻燃效果和成本,ASD阻燃剂的最佳质量分数为50%,此时与落叶松素材相比,总热释放量降低了56.46%,烟释放总量降低了88.20%。经ASD阻燃剂处理的落叶松材初始分解温度有所降低,残余物质量分数从18.26%提高到41.06%。经ASD阻燃剂处理前后的落叶松材锥形量热仪燃烧测试后表面形态有明显差异:素材燃烧后的木炭表面松软,断层较大; 阻燃处理材表面形成了致密的炭质保护层,有效延缓抑制了落叶松材的燃烧。ASD阻燃作用主要归因于对木材的催化成炭作用。
ASD flame retardants with different mass ratios were applied to larch wood in a vacuum condition in order to manufacture structural glulam with good fire-retardant property. The cone calorimeter test and thermogravimetric(TG)analysis were used to examine the fire-retardant effect of samples and determine the optimal ASD mass ratio. The results showed that the total heat release(THR)and total smoke release(TSR)of larch significantly decreased after the ASD fire-retardant treatment, and the fire-retardant performance improved with the increase of ASD flame retardant content. The yield of CO also increased with the increased content of ASD flame retardant, while the yield of CO2 decreased. Furthermore, the total yield of CO and CO2 decreased significantly, indicating that the fire-retardant treatment of ASD significantly inhibited the combustion of larch. When considering the fire-retardant effect and the cost, 50% was the optimal mass ratio of ASD flame retardant. The THR and TSR of the treated larch wood decreased by 56.46% and 88.20%, respectively, compared with those of the untreated larch wood. The mass ratio of the residual carbon increased from 18.26% to 41.06%, and the initial decomposition temperature of larch decreased after treated with ASD flame retardant. The results of cone calorimeter test showed that the surface morphology of the larch treated with ASD flame retardant was different from that of the untreated larch. The wood charcoal of larch surface without ASD flame retardant treatment was soft and had large fault after the cone calorimeter test, while that of the larch treated with ASD flame retardant was dense, which can delay the burning effectively. The effect of ASD flame retardant is mainly attributed to the catalytic effect of char forming