竹单板激光切割及其在镶嵌工艺中的应用

为了研究竹材的激光切割性能并得到较优工艺参数,以激光管功率为60 W的激光切割机对刨切竹单板进行激光切割试验,讨论竹材纤维方向及辅助气体压力对切割效果的影响,并采用控制变量法研究喷嘴高度、激光输出功率及切割速度对切口质量的影响。试验表明:垂直于纤维方向切割竹单板难度最大; 辅助气体压力越大,越有助于形成较好的切口断面形态; 当喷嘴高度为20 mm、切割速度为30 m/min、激光输出功率为48 W时,激光切割厚度为0.5 mm竹单板的切缝宽度适中且碳化层薄,切口质量较好。参考多种中国传统镶嵌式家具图案和样式,结合原料色泽和纹理,设计了3种不同特点的竹单板镶嵌图案,举例说明了竹单板镶嵌图形导入、基材挖槽、竹单板切割、胶压拼合等主要加工过程。
In order to study the performance of bamboo when it was experimented especially for the laser cutting and to obtain the optimum technological parameters, the experiment of laser cutting sliced bamboo veneer was carried out on the laser cutting machine with 60 W laser power. The influences of bamboo fiber directions and auxiliary gas pressure on the cutting results were discussed with the control variable method. Through the experiment, the effects of laser nozzle height, laser output power, and cutting speed on the kerf quality were thus investigated. The experiment results showed that laser cutting in the direction of perpendicular to the grain of bamboo veneer was more difficult than other cutting directions; larger auxiliary gas pressure was favorable to form better cross-sections of incisions; when the thickness of laser cutting bamboo veneers was 0.5 mm, the kerf width was moderate, the carburization zone was thinner, and also the kerf quality was better under 20 mm laser nozzle height, 30 m/min cutting speed and 48 W laser output power. By means of referring various graphics and styles of Chinese traditional inlaid furniture, three different characteristics of bamboo veneer inlay patterns were designed combining with the color and texture of raw materials, and the sample process of the bamboo veneer inlay was also demonstrated in aspects of the importing graphic, engraving substrate, laser cutting inlay patterns, and splicing and compressing