工艺参数对无机胶黏剂稻草板性能的影响

以自主研发的无机胶黏剂和稻草碎料为原料,利用冷压成型工艺制备稻草板。通过单因素试验研究了胶黏剂与秸秆比例、稻草形态、板材结构和密度对稻草板物理力学性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,胶黏剂与细料、粗料、粗细混合料的质量比分别为2.2,2.0和2.0时,稻草板的性能最佳,均满足国家标准要求。在同等施胶量的情况下,粗料制备稻草板的静曲强度(MOR)和弹性模量(MOE)最大,混合料制备稻草板的内结合强度(IB)最大,吸水厚度膨胀率(TS)最小。同等细粗料比例下,单层结构稻草板的MOR、MOE、IB和TS均比3层结构稻草板大。稻草板的MOR、MOE、IB和TS与密度均呈密切线性相关,并得回归方程分别为y=19.148x-2.941 1,y=3 711.495x-343.151 2,y=1.902x-1.052 1和y=-2.336x+4.706 0。当密度大于1.0 g/cm3,稻草板的各项物理力学性能均符合GB/T 21723―2008的要求。另外,无机胶黏剂实现了稻草板的高效阻燃和抑烟特性。
The rice straw board was prepared by using rice straw particle as the raw materials and an inorganic adhesive that developed by our research team with a cold pressing process. The influence of the ratios of the adhesive to rice straw, the size and morphology of the rice straw, and the structure and density of the board on the physical and mechanical properties of the rice straw board was studied by using single factor analysis method. The results showed that when the weight ratios of the adhesive to fine, coarse, and a mixture of fine and coarse particles were 2.2, 2.0 and 2.0, respectively, the rice straw board obtained the best performance which was beyond the requirement from the national standard of China. When using the same amount of adhesive, the rice straw board prepared with the coarse particle had the highest static bending strength(MOR)and modulus of elasticity(MOE). The rice straw board prepared with the mixed particles had the highest internal bonding strength(IB)and the lowest water absorbed swelling(TS). The MOR, MOE, IB and TS of the three layer structured rice straw board were higher than those of the single layer structured rice straw board when using the same weight ratio of fine to coarse particle. The MOR, MOE, IB and TS of rice straw board were almost linearly related to the density of the board, and the regression equations were y=19.148x-2.941 1, y=3 711.495x-343.151 2, y=1.902x-1.052 1 and y=-2.336x+4.706 0, respectively. When the density of the board was higher than 1.0 g/cm3, the physical and mechanical properties of the rice straw board could meet the requirement of the national standard of China(GB/T 21723―2008). Using inorganic adhesive could greatly enhance the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of the rice straw board