菌圃材料对黑翅土白蚁采食工蚁踪迹活性的影响

【目的】研究菌圃、杂交鹅掌楸树干外表皮、密粘褶菌松木粉培养物共3种提取液对黑翅土白蚁采食工蚁的踪迹活性,揭示培菌白蚁在食物采集、加工、分配过程中信息联系机制,以便开发出针对培菌白蚁的高效食性饵剂。【方法】利用划线法测定采食工蚁对上、中、下层主巢菌圃与副巢菌圃的踪迹反应率与选择系数,选出最佳提取试剂; 比较菌圃、杂交鹅掌楸外表皮、密粘褶菌松木粉培养物提取液对采食工蚁的踪迹活性,测定采食工蚁对菌圃提取液踪迹活性的浓度效应。【结果】正己烷提取液的踪迹活性最高,乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯提取液之间踪迹活性呈现不规律变化,蒸馏水提取液踪迹活性最低; 主巢下层菌圃踪迹活性物质含量高,为最佳提取材料; 经拟合,得到浓度(x)-踪迹反应率(y)方程:y = 1.695 8x3-13.346x2 + 30.137x + 33.409。【结论】菌圃材料最佳提取溶剂为正已烷,黑翅土白蚁共生菌圃对采食工蚁具有明显的踪迹活性,踪迹活性强度显著高于林间采集材料(杂交鹅掌楸树干外表皮)的影响,与密粘褶菌松木粉培养物相近。采食工蚁在主巢下层菌圃踪迹活性最高,上层菌圃次之,中层菌圃和副巢菌圃最低,但相互之间差异不显著。
【Objective】Odontotermes formosanus is an important fungus-growing termite. In this study, we investigated trail-following activity of O. formosanus foragers of extracts of fungus garden, outer epidermis of the trunk of Liriodendron chinense× L. tulipifera,and pine wood powder infected by Gloeophyllum trabeum(PWG). 【Method】The rate of trail-following response and selection coefficient of the different materials were evaluated using the streak plate method. The analyzed materials included the top layer of fungus garden in the main chamber(TFM), middle layer of fungus garden in the main chamber(MFM), bottom layer of fungus garden in the main chamber(BFM), fungus garden in the satellite chamber(FSC).【Result】From the results, the best chemical was determined. Furthermore, trail-following activities were compared using extracts from the fungus garden, TEL and PWG. Moreover, the effects of concentrations of the fungus garden extracts on trail-following activity were studied. O. formosanus foragers showed the highest trail-following activity for N-hexane; trail-following activities for ethyl alcohol, acetone, and ethyl acetate varied irregularly, and were the lowest for distilled water. BFM induced the highest trail-following activity among all analyzed fungus-garden materials, therefore, it was best for extraction. The linear relationship between the concentration of N-hexane solution(x)and rate of trail-following response(y)could be expressed by the equation:y = 1.695 8x3-13.346x2 + 30.137x + 33.409.【Conclusion】Regarding the extracts for trail-following activity, N-hexane was the best chemical. The fungus garden in the O. formosanus chambers induced obviously trail-following activity in the foragers. The trail-following activity for the fungus garden was fairly higher than that for the field-collected materials, and similar for PWG. BFM induced the highest trail-following activity, followed by TFM, and MFM and FSC induced the lowest activity. However, there were no significant differences among them