麻竹林下竹荪仿野生种植关键技术研究

以重庆市荣昌区退耕还林区麻竹林下竹荪为对象,进行了仿野生种植关键技术研究。笔者分别测定了竹荪的发菇时间、鲜/干质量、菌柄长度与发菇期的温度,探讨了不同栽培处理方式对竹荪产量的影响,并对仿野生竹荪的品质及其效益进行了分析。结果表明:① 竹荪产量随着时间推移呈一定的波峰分布,林内气温超过35 ℃时竹荪生长明显受到抑制。② 对麻竹林下竹荪仿野生栽培的关键技术要素进行了优化配置,以基质用法的影响最大且极显著,菌种用量的影响次之,郁闭度影响最小,且后两者差异不显著。③ 兴农D89为在重庆荣昌地区麻竹林下种植竹荪的最优菌种,其最佳种植模式为:3月初,菌种用量5×103 kg/hm2,以不同基质分层施放,即下层竹叶6.67×104 kg/hm2,上层竹屑8.33×104 kg/hm2,林分郁闭度控制在0.6。此条件下,鲜竹荪产量和净收入分别可达到1.536 0×104 kg/hm2和2.418 9×105元/hm2。
An imitation wild cultivation technique for Dictyophora indusiata has been studied in Dendrocalamus latiflorus stands in Rongchang District of Chongqing City, to promote the economy of regional forests in Chongqing, and to make sure that the project of returning farmland to forest does not rebound. The germination time, fresh weight, dry weight, and stem length of D. indusiata, and air temperature of the germination period were measured respectively. The effects of different cultivation patterns on yield and quality of the wild cultivated D.indusiata and its economic benefit were analyzed. The results showed that: ① The yield of D. indusiata had a double peak along with the growth time and temperature inside the forest was more than 35 ℃, the growth of D. indusiata was restrained. ② The optimized configuration of the key cultivation technique has been carried. The results showed that the matrix usage was the first factor affecting extremely yield of D. indusiata. The second factor was the amount of strain, and the third was forest canopy density. But the latter two factors were not significant.③ D89 was the optimal strain in D. latiflorus stands in Rongchang District of Chongqing City. The best model was that in the early march, the bacteria amount was controlled in about 5 000 kg/hm2. The different substrates was layered in different position of D. latiflorus stands. The lower layer of bamboo branches and leaves was 66 700 kg/hm2, and the upper layer of bamboo chips was 83 300 kg/hm2. Forest canopy density was controlled in 0.6. The fresh output and the net income could respectively reach 15 360 kg/hm2 and 241 890 yuan/hm2