水肥耦合对汉源花椒幼苗生长、养分吸收和 肥料利用的影响

为研究不同水肥条件下汉源花椒生长状况,指导合理的汉源花椒水肥管理措施,采用水和肥2因素3水平正交试验设计,通过盆栽试验研究了不同水肥耦合处理对汉源花椒幼苗生长、养分吸收和肥料利用的影响,运用隶属函数综合评价了水肥处理对汉源花椒生长的影响。结果表明:汉源花椒幼苗地径、苗高、生物量及氮、磷和钾养分吸收量均随施肥量的增加而增加,随土壤水分含量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势; 氮肥、磷肥和钾肥利用效率随施肥量的增加而降低,随土壤水分含量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势; 根/冠比随土壤水分含量和施肥量的增加而降低。汉源花椒生长状况隶属度(y2)与土壤水分含量(x1)和施肥量(x2)的关系式为y2 =-2.070 0-0.001 3x21-0.206 0x22+0.118 1x1+0.512 6x2(n=27, R2=0.962)。最适宜于促进汉源花椒幼苗植株生长和苗木质量提高的土壤水分含量为46.1%,氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)施用量分别为尿素187 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙75 kg/hm2和硫酸钾187 kg/hm2。汉源花椒幼苗生物量与氮、磷和钾肥利用效率之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。因此,适宜的土壤水分含量和肥料施用量对促进汉源花椒幼苗植株生长和养分吸收利用,以及减免过量施肥造成环境污染等具有重要作用。
Water and fertilizer are two key factors for promoting plant growth, thus, studying their coupling effects on growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim ‘Hanyuan' has important practical significance for carrying out reasonable water and fertilizer management. A pot experiment with a two factors and three levels orthogonal design was conducted to study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth, nutrient absorption and fertilizer use of Z. bungeanum Maxim ‘Hanyuan' seedlings, and the subordinate function was applied to comprehensively evaluate the impact of water and fertilizer on growth of Z. bungeanum Maxim ‘Hanyuan' seedlings. Seedling base diameter, height and biomass, and nitrogen(N), phosphate(P)and potassium(K)absorption increased with the raising of the fertilization level, and increased initially and then decreased with the increasing of the soil water content before and after their peak, respectively. N, P and K fertilizer use efficiency decreased with the raising of the fertilization level, and increased initially and then decreased with the increasing of the soil water content before and after their peak, respectively. Root/shoot ratio decreased with the increasing of the soil water content and fertilization level. The relationship among growth subordinate degree of Z. bungeanum Maxim ‘Hanyuan'(y2), soil water content(x1)and fertilization level(x2)as follows: y2 = -2.070 0- 0.001 3x21-0.206 0x22 + 0.118 1x1 + 0.512 6x2(n=27, R2=0.962). The optimal combination of water and fertilizer was 46.1% field water capacity, 187 kg/hm2 N of urea, 75 kg/hm2 P2O5 of calcium superphosphate, and 187 kg/hm2 K2O of potassium sulfate. The seedling biomass of Z. bungeanum Maxim ‘Hanyuan' significantly and positively correlated with fertilizer use efficiency of N, P and K(P<0.05). Appropriate soil water content and fertilizer application are important for promoting seedling growth and nutrient absorption and utilization of Z. bungeanum Maxim ‘Hanyuan', and alleviating or preventing