自然与人性：孟子和庄子道德发生学之异同

孟子和庄子分别把道德之发生归之于自然和人性，承认道德的自然属性。在道德发生学问题上，二者的共同特点是“内在超越”。然而，孟子和庄子对于人性之自然属性有不同的判断，造成了儒、道两家道德发生学的根本分歧。孟子认为社会性的善也是内在于自然的，可以从本性中求得，同时又以人性与动物本性之不同论证人性在道德属性方面的优越性。庄子认为人之道德行为是自然而然的，一旦放在社会价值评价体系下就偏离了内在性而导致道德的外在化并进而伤害道德的真性。庄子推崇纯任自然的道德发生机制，因此不承认人在道德属性上具有优越性。
Both Mencius and Chuang-tzu admit that morality springs from nature. However，Mencius andChuang-tzu have different judgments about the relationship between nature and human nature，resulting in thefundamental differences between the ethics of Confucianism and Taoism. Mencius believes that social ethicsis also inherent in human nature. At the same time，he argues that human nature is superior to animal naturein moral attributes. Chuang-tzu holds that human moral behavior originates from nature，and that the so calledmorality evaluated from a social point of view is not real morality. Chuang-tzu does not admit that man issuperior to animals in moral attributes