霸权、话语建构、反极权主义:后马克思主义社会批判空间转向

处于“后现代主义”语境中的西方马克思主义,在20世纪60年代之后逐渐转向了一种“后马克思主义”的理论视域。以拉克劳和莫菲所代表的后马克思主义,运用“话语”、“霸权”等逻辑消弭马克思主义阶级主体的正当性,以此回应现实社会政治变化的趋势,从而提出了激进、多元的民主解放的蓝图。阿伦特的反极权主义理论在20世纪后期可谓独树一帜,体现出让人耳目一新的原创性和洞察力。而反对本质主义、反对极权主义也是后马克思主义的微观政治特征之一。
Western Marxism in the context of post modernism has gradually shifted to a post-Marxist theoretical paradigm from the 1960s. This new paradigm mainly includes the following theoretical endeavors. By employing the logics of discourse and hegemony, Laclau and Moffet, two representatives of post-Marxist theorists, tried to deconstruct the legitimacy of the class as single dominant notion for doing social analysis in response to the social and political changes and have advanced a plan for a radical and democratic liberation characterized by pluralism. Ahrendt, another great post-Marxist theorist, proposed her unique theory of anti-totalitarianism that is full of originality and insights. The post-Marxist paradigm is also characterized by its promotion of anti-essentialism and anti-totalitarianism