农村劳动力过度外流的现象透视及其治理路径――基于重庆村庄的实证调查

自改革开放以来,农村劳动力经历了三十多年的持续快速转移,为中国城镇化发展和中国社会的转型起到了推动作用。然而,农村劳动力外流使部分农村地区出现劳动力不足状态,农村呈现出劳动力总体剩余与结构性不足并立的情况。农村外流的劳动力既是推动中国城市发展的新生力量,也是农村建设需要的主体。部分农村劳动力过度外流并呈日益扩大趋势,引起了诸多亟待解决的新问题。因此,本文以重庆农村为个案分析的着力点,聚焦于农村劳动力过度外流现象,通过统计与数据分析,剖析劳动力过度外流的特征、原因及产生的影响,并对存在的问题进行路径探索。
Since the beginning of reform and opening up, Chinese villages have undergone sustained and rapid labor outflow for more than 30 years. This has promoted both the development of Chinese urbanization and the transformation of Chinese society. However, the current labor outflow in rural areas makes some regions short of labor, and thus paradoxically labor surplus and shortage both exist in China’s countryside today. The labor migrating out of rural areas constitutes not only a new force promoting the development of Chinese cities but the main element in the construction of Chinese villages as well. The increasingly widespread excessive labor outflow from China’s rural areas has caused many new social problems. Therefore, through analyzing the data from villages in Chongqing, this paper aims to analyze the features, causes and effects of labor outflow in China’s rural areas and explore the approach to resolving this social problem