论生态文明建设中环境利益的类型与法律保护机制――基于庞德利益理论的视角

按照庞德利益理论的观点，文明就是人类对外在的或物质自然界和对人类的内在的或人类本性的最大限度的控制。在当代社会，人类对于文明的维系主要依赖于法律，而法律则主要通过对利益的“承认―选择―保护”来推动文明的发展。生态文明作为一种新的文明形式，其特点就在于其对于人类社会中的各种环境利益能够进行系统的识别和保护。生态文明中的环境利益可以分为个人利益，公共利益以及社会利益。环境法应当通过多种权利、义务以及权力的路径来实现对环境利益的保护，进而推动生态文明的建立。
According to Pound’s theory of interests, civilization is the maximum control of human beings’ external material world and their internal nature. In the contemporary society, the maintenance of human civilization depends heavily on the law, which promotes the development of civilization mainly through recognition, selection and protection of the interests. As a new form of civilization, ecological civilization is characterized by its identification and protection of various environmental interests in human society. The environmental interests of the ecological civilization can be divided into individual, public and social benefits. Environmental law should protect the environment by way of various types of rights, obligations and power, and thus promote the establishment of ecological civilization