寒门学子的教育奋斗与社会上升――历史社会学视角

魏晋以降，寒门学子很难通过教育奋斗实现社会上升。北宋时出现显著的“寒门出贵子”现象。该现象虽缘起于政治及教育改革打破了中古权贵社会结构，为寒门学子依靠教育奋斗获得社会上升提供了史无前例公平的制度途径，但也离不开寒门学子自身争气与努力，其杰出代表更是以“心系天下”的行动重塑了此前自私“贵子”形象，北宋“寒门出贵子”因此具有非凡意义。考察魏晋至北宋时寒门学子的教育奋斗与社会上升，不仅有利于教育社会学开拓历史社会学进路的教育公平研究，还能为探讨当前“寒门难出贵子”问题提供有益的历史参照
During the long period from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty，it was difficult for thestudents from humble origins to climb up the social ladder through studying hard. The Northern Song Dynastywitnessed a remarkable upward movement along the social ladder achieved by the students from humbleorigins. This resulted from the political and educational reforms aiming to re-structure the old social systemcontrolled by noble families. These reforms provided the students with an institutional approach to equal chanceof upward social mobility through working hard. The great upgrade of social status for students from humbleorigins，however，was also due to their personal aspirations and efforts. Guided by their lofty idea of servingthe whole society，the outstanding representative of this group re-shaped the image of the nobility，which hadpreviously been tarnished by selfishness. Therefore，rising to a higher position from a humble origin in theNorthern Song Dynasty has great implications for the sociology of education：the examination of the socialmobility enabled by educational efforts not only helps explore a histo-sociological approach for sociology ofeducation to the matter of equality in education but also offers informative historical reference for answering thequestion of why it is difficult for students from humble origins to change their social status