福利国家家庭政策的发展脉络与政策意涵

在工业化浪潮下,家庭普遍经受了冲击与挑战。对此,西方福利国家在不同程度上介入了家庭,推动了家庭政策的普及与发展。从纵向看,福利国家家庭政策在褪去了19世纪晚期原初发展的稚嫩后,于二战后经历了从“家庭主义”向“去家庭化”的黄金时期,并在20世纪90年代以来的成熟与转型中表现出一致趋向,即在强调家庭责任的同时亦凸显了对家庭的支持。其政策意涵在于,不同国家应以更加包容、积极的视野促成不同政策主体的合力,以此调和“家庭主义”、“去家庭化”和“再家庭化”的关系,推动家庭整体与成员个体目标的协调发展,并促进资源在家庭成员内部的均衡配置。
The family as a social unit faces a variety of challenges coming with the development of industrialization. Responding to these challenges, western countries have taken measures to regulate people’s family life, thus substantially promoting the development of family policies. A historical overview shows that after overcoming initial weaknesses in the late 19th century the family policies in western welfare states have undergone a golden period of switching from familialism to de-familialization and displayed more sophisticated features and convergent characteristics of transformation in that substantial support is given to different households while the responsibility each family should fulfill also emphasized. The rationale behind these policies is that: different countries should adopt a more inclusive and active vision to coordinate the different targets in family policies. In so doing, we could resolve the tension between familialism, de-famililization and re-familialism and promote a concerted development of both the members of a family and the family as whole, thus achieving a balanced allocation of resources among the members of a family