政府购买公共服务背景下的农村残疾人居家托养服务研究――基于J市的实证调研

居家托养服务具有成本较低、灵活性较高等特点，与观念较保守且经济状况较差的农村残疾人家庭具有较高的契合度。残疾人居家托养服务涉及服务提供者、生产者、监督者和消费者四方。当前我国农村残疾人居家托养存在以下问题：服务提供者设计的政策“一刀切”且不能有效满足残疾人的需求；符合资质的服务生产者过少且专业化水平较低，与残疾人争利现象凸显；各层次监督主体缺位，尚未形成规范的监督和评估体系；服务消费者对自身权益缺乏充分的认识，在居家托养服务过程中仍较为被动。应建立和完善农村残疾人居家托养服务保障制度，促进居家托养服务规范化；优化农村残疾人居家托养服务政策，实现居家托养服务个性化、精准化；培育助残服务生产者，推动居家托养服务社会化；强化对服务生产者的监督机制和评估机制，实现居家托养服务“可视化”、科学化。
Home-based care service is characterized by low cost and high flexibility，which is highly suitablefor the rural disabled families with conservative ideas and poor economic conditions. Four parties are involvedin home-based care service：providers，producers，supervisors and consumers. Currently，home-based careservice in China are facing the following problems. Firstly，service providers adopt the policy of cutting at onestroke and cannot meet disabled people’s needs for care services. Secondly，service producers are at a lowlevel of professionalism and even compete for interests with the disabled people. Thirdly，there has not beena standardized system of supervision and evaluation. Fourthly，service consumers have not fully realized theirrights and interests and are put into a relatively passive position in the process. Therefore，we should establishand improve the system of home-based care service for the disabled in rural areas，optimize the relevantpolicies，cultivate more qualified service producers，strengthen the supervision and evaluation mechanisms forthe service producers