先秦诸子与古希腊哲学家修辞观之比较

先秦诸子和古希腊哲学家都讨论到修辞学问题。由于他们所处的历史环境和所肩负的使命不同，二者研究修辞学的目的、理论基础、基本框架均有很大的差别。以亚里士多德为代表的古希腊修辞学，是在演说学框架下的“言语风格学”，而先秦诸子的修辞学则更接近“美辞学”。从现有的材料看，先秦诸子讨论修辞问题早于古希腊的哲学家，但古希腊的学者有一系列修辞学专著，而先秦诸子除了墨家有《小取篇》这样勉强算作修辞学专篇论文外，其他关于修辞的讨论只是散见于诸子著作中的只言片语。在辞格探讨方面，先秦诸子与古希腊哲学家各有所长；在修辞基本理论阐述方面，先秦诸子要比古希腊哲学家全面深入一些；但在风格学理论方面，古希腊的哲学家又远远超过了先秦诸子。亚里士多德和墨子都是以逻辑控制修辞，在心理分析方面，亚里士多德和韩非子、鬼谷子又各有自己的独到之处。
Pre-Qin Chinese thinkers and ancient Greek philosophers both explored the topic of rhetoric.Due to the differences in historical context and purpose，their thoughts on rhetoric differed in the objectives，theoretical foundation and basic framework. The ancient Greek rhetoric studies with Aristotle as itsrepresentative were concerned with stylistics carried out in the framework of oration，whereas those of thePre-Qin thinkers were more of aesthetic rhetoric. Seen from the materials available，thinkers in the Pre-Qinperiod were earlier than the ancient Greek philosophers to discuss rhetoric. But different from the ancientGreek philosophers who wrote a series of monographs on rhetoric，the Pre-Qin scholars seldom producedany monographs or treatises on rhetoric：with Mozi’s Xiaoqu pian 小取篇（ literally Minor Illustrations）asan exception which can marginally be accepted as a treatise on rhetoric，their discussions of rhetoric weredispersed in different works. As for the exploration of figures of speech，the Pre-Qin thinkers and the ancientGreek philosophers had their own advantages：the former were stronger in theorization on figures of speech，while the latter were better at theorization on stylistic devices. Aristotle and Mozi both put rhetoric under thecontrol of logic；but Aristotle showed his own uniqueness in psychological analysis in comparison with HanFeizi and Gui Guzi