封建社会福建外省移民开发时空演进与特征分析

封建时期,大量北方南迁移民定居于福建各地,人口迁移活动促进了当地各个时期的开发进程,对福建社会、经济、文化的发展带来深远影响。通过探索福建外省移民开发空间进程,总结得出封建时期福建外省移民开发格局的形成经历了四个历史阶段:唐代之前初步开发阶段; 唐、五代全面、大规模开发阶段; 宋元跻身全国先进地区之列以及明清开发的尾期阶段。在总体开发方向上形成福建特有的规律,即移民开发呈现出近似环形开发轨迹,实践了从内陆到沿海再到内陆的开发模式,并经历了沿河谷开发向平原、台地开发再向山地丘陵开发的转变。此外,福建移民开发还呈现出点轴发展的模式。
In history, a large population migrated to Fujian from the northern part of China. The immigration and exploitation activities there strongly promoted Fujian’s development in every historical period, which had a profound impact on its social, economic and cultural growth. Through exploring the migration and exploitation process in this region, we found that it underwent four stages: the initial one was before the Tang Dynasty; the second was the Tang and Wudai dynasties when comprehensive and large-scale development took place; the third was the Song and Yuan dynasties when Fujia became one of the developed regions of the country; and the last was the Ming and Qing dynasties. The immigration and exploitation in Fujian was also distinctive in the following aspects: first it followed a ring-like development track, i.e. from the inland to the coastal area and then back to the inland; and secondly it took a route from along the valley area to the plain and the slopes and then to the hilly lands. In addition, the immigration and exploitation in this area presented a point-axis development mode