论考茨基对马克思主义伦理观的阐释及其意义――对新康德主义者关于伦理与唯物史观之关系的反拨

伦理与唯物史观的关系问题是马克思主义理论与实践中一个极为重要的问题，也是第二国际时期迫切需要回答的理论难题。当时的新康德主义者以对社会主义的伦理解释为前提，认为作为马克思主义理论基础的唯物史观缺乏社会主义所必须的伦理因素，因此需要由康德的伦理学来补充或替代它的道德“空场”。考茨基则主张唯物史观并没有回避伦理问题，正是在唯物史观的理论视域中，马克思主义伦理观才成功破解了观念论伦理观的理论困境。考茨基在反拨新康德主义过程中对马克思主义伦理观的逻辑起点、现实基础等重要问题的阐释具有重要的理论意义和实践价值
The relationship between ethics and historical materialism is an extremely important issue inMarxist theory and practice，and it is also an urgent problem that needed answering during the SecondInternational period. At that time，neo-Kantians，on the premise of the ethical interpretation of socialism，believed that historical materialism，which was based on the Marxist theory，lacked the ethical elementsnecessary for socialism and therefore needed Kant’s ethics to supplement or replace its absence of morality.However，Kautsky argued that historical materialism did not ignore ethical issues. On the contrary，it was justin the vision of historical materialism that Marxist ethics had successfully solved the theoretical dilemma of theethical view of idealism. In the process of his reaction against neo-Kantianism，Kautsky interpreted Marxistethics in terms of such important issues as its logical starting point and practical basis. His interpretations are ofgreat theoretical and practical significance