福柯《知识考古学》的起源与话语分析研究

20 世纪60 年代，福柯提出哲学的考古学方法，这在他的思想发展中是一个重要的标志性起点，对理解他思想的独特性具有决定性意义。《知识考古学》是福柯唯一明确讨论方法论的著作，注重揭示科学的知识话语类型。从20 世纪70 年代开始，福柯又提出了自己的谱系学方法，与哲学的考古学方法不同，考古学方法是从一种认识型出发描述历史现象，谱系学引入了权力概念，将不同的认识型看作权力的效果，关注权力与知识关系的揭示，这是对考古学方法的深入研究。
In the 1960s, Foucault developed an archaeological method for philosophy, which is an importantlandmark in the development of his thoughts, and thus has decisive significance in understanding the uniquenessof his thoughts. Archaeology of Knowledge is the only book in which Foucault discusses his methodology. At thebeginning of the 1970s, he put forward another method of genealogy, which actually deepened his previousarcheological methodology. Different from philosophical archaeological method which describes historicalphenomena from the perspective of the sucession of epistemes, the genealogical method takes power intoconsideration and tries to examine the relationship of power/knowledge